Summen av gjennomsnittet av alle delmengder

Summen av gjennomsnittet av alle delmengder
Prøv det på GfG Practice #practiceLinkDiv { display: ingen !viktig; }

Gitt en matrise arr[] av N heltallselementer er oppgaven å finne summen av gjennomsnittet av alle delmengder av denne matrisen.

Eksempel:   

 Input : arr[] = [2 3 5]   
Output : 23.33
Explanation : Subsets with their average are
[2] average = 2/1 = 2
[3] average = 3/1 = 3
[5] average = 5/1 = 5
[2 3] average = (2+3)/2 = 2.5
[2 5] average = (2+5)/2 = 3.5
[3 5] average = (3+5)/2 = 4
[2 3 5] average = (2+3+5)/3 = 3.33
Sum of average of all subset is
2 + 3 + 5 + 2.5 + 3.5 + 4 + 3.33 = 23.33 Recommended Practice Summen av gjennomsnittet av alle delmengder Prøv det!

Naiv tilnærming: En naiv løsning er å iterere gjennom alle mulige delmengder få en gjennomsnittlig av dem alle og legg dem til én etter én, men dette vil ta eksponentiell tid og vil være umulig for større matriser. 
Vi kan få et mønster ved å ta et eksempel  

 arr = [a0 a1 a2 a3]   
sum of average =
a0/1 + a1/1 + a2/2 + a3/1 +
(a0+a1)/2 + (a0+a2)/2 + (a0+a3)/2 + (a1+a2)/2 +
(a1+a3)/2 + (a2+a3)/2 +
(a0+a1+a2)/3 + (a0+a2+a3)/3 + (a0+a1+a3)/3 +
(a1+a2+a3)/3 +
(a0+a1+a2+a3)/4
If S = (a0+a1+a2+a3) then above expression
can be rearranged as below
sum of average = (S)/1 + (3*S)/2 + (3*S)/3 + (S)/4

Koeffisienten med tellere kan forklares som følger anta at vi itererer over delmengder med K elementer, så vil nevneren være K og telleren vil være r*S hvor 'r' angir antall ganger et bestemt matriseelement vil bli lagt til mens det itereres over delsett av samme størrelse. Ved inspeksjon kan vi se at r vil være nCr(N - 1 n - 1) fordi etter å ha plassert ett element i summering, må vi velge (n – 1) elementer fra (N - 1) elementer slik at hvert element vil ha en frekvens på nCr(N - 1 n - 1) mens vi vurderer delmengder av samme størrelse som alle ganger frekvensen vil også være lik antall ganger summeringen. vil være telleren i det endelige uttrykket. 

I koden nedenfor nCr er implementert ved hjelp av dynamisk programmeringsmetode du kan lese mer om det her 

C++
   // C++ program to get sum of average of all subsets   #include          using     namespace     std  ;   // Returns value of Binomial Coefficient C(n k)   int     nCr  (  int     n       int     k  )   {      int     C  [  n     +     1  ][  k     +     1  ];      int     i       j  ;      // Calculate value of Binomial Coefficient in bottom      // up manner      for     (  i     =     0  ;     i      <=     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      for     (  j     =     0  ;     j      <=     min  (  i       k  );     j  ++  )     {      // Base Cases      if     (  j     ==     0     ||     j     ==     i  )      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     1  ;      // Calculate value using previously stored      // values      else      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     C  [  i     -     1  ][  j     -     1  ]     +     C  [  i     -     1  ][  j  ];      }      }      return     C  [  n  ][  k  ];   }   // method returns sum of average of all subsets   double     resultOfAllSubsets  (  int     arr  []     int     N  )   {      double     result     =     0.0  ;     // Initialize result      // Find sum of elements      int     sum     =     0  ;      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ];      // looping once for all subset of same size      for     (  int     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )      /* each element occurs nCr(N-1 n-1) times while    considering subset of size n */      result     +=     (  double  )(  sum     *     (  nCr  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  )))     /     n  ;      return     result  ;   }   // Driver code to test above methods   int     main  ()   {      int     arr  []     =     {     2       3       5       7     };      int     N     =     sizeof  (  arr  )     /     sizeof  (  int  );      cout      < <     resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  )      < <     endl  ;      return     0  ;   }   
Java
   // java program to get sum of   // average of all subsets   import     java.io.*  ;   class   GFG     {      // Returns value of Binomial      // Coefficient C(n k)      static     int     nCr  (  int     n       int     k  )      {      int     C  [][]     =     new     int  [  n     +     1  ][  k     +     1  ]  ;      int     i       j  ;      // Calculate value of Binomial      // Coefficient in bottom up manner      for     (  i     =     0  ;     i      <=     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      for     (  j     =     0  ;     j      <=     Math  .  min  (  i       k  );     j  ++  )     {      // Base Cases      if     (  j     ==     0     ||     j     ==     i  )      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     1  ;      // Calculate value using      // previously stored values      else      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     C  [  i     -     1  ][  j     -     1  ]     +     C  [  i     -     1  ][  j  ]  ;      }      }      return     C  [  n  ][  k  ]  ;      }      // method returns sum of average of all subsets      static     double     resultOfAllSubsets  (  int     arr  []       int     N  )      {      // Initialize result      double     result     =     0.0  ;      // Find sum of elements      int     sum     =     0  ;      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ]  ;      // looping once for all subset of same size      for     (  int     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )      /* each element occurs nCr(N-1 n-1) times while    considering subset of size n */      result     +=     (  double  )(  sum     *     (  nCr  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  )))     /     n  ;      return     result  ;      }      // Driver code to test above methods      public     static     void     main  (  String  []     args  )      {      int     arr  []     =     {     2       3       5       7     };      int     N     =     arr  .  length  ;      System  .  out  .  println  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  ));      }   }   // This code is contributed by vt_m   
C#
   // C# program to get sum of   // average of all subsets   using     System  ;   class     GFG     {          // Returns value of Binomial      // Coefficient C(n k)      static     int     nCr  (  int     n       int     k  )      {      int  [     ]     C     =     new     int  [  n     +     1       k     +     1  ];      int     i       j  ;      // Calculate value of Binomial      // Coefficient in bottom up manner      for     (  i     =     0  ;     i      <=     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      for     (  j     =     0  ;     j      <=     Math  .  Min  (  i       k  );     j  ++  )         {      // Base Cases      if     (  j     ==     0     ||     j     ==     i  )      C  [  i       j  ]     =     1  ;      // Calculate value using      // previously stored values      else      C  [  i       j  ]     =     C  [  i     -     1       j     -     1  ]     +     C  [  i     -     1       j  ];      }      }      return     C  [  n       k  ];      }      // method returns sum of average       // of all subsets      static     double     resultOfAllSubsets  (  int  []     arr       int     N  )      {      // Initialize result      double     result     =     0.0  ;      // Find sum of elements      int     sum     =     0  ;      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ];      // looping once for all subset       // of same size      for     (  int     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )      /* each element occurs nCr(N-1 n-1) times while    considering subset of size n */      result     +=     (  double  )(  sum     *     (  nCr  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  )))     /     n  ;      return     result  ;      }      // Driver code to test above methods      public     static     void     Main  ()      {      int  []     arr     =     {     2       3       5       7     };      int     N     =     arr  .  Length  ;      Console  .  WriteLine  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  ));      }   }   // This code is contributed by Sam007   
JavaScript
    <  script  >      // javascript program to get sum of      // average of all subsets          // Returns value of Binomial      // Coefficient C(n k)      function     nCr  (  n       k  )      {      let     C     =     new     Array  (  n     +     1  );      for     (  let     i     =     0  ;     i      <=     n  ;     i  ++  )         {      C  [  i  ]     =     new     Array  (  k     +     1  );      for     (  let     j     =     0  ;     j      <=     k  ;     j  ++  )         {      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     0  ;      }      }      let     i       j  ;          // Calculate value of Binomial      // Coefficient in bottom up manner      for     (  i     =     0  ;     i      <=     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      for     (  j     =     0  ;     j      <=     Math  .  min  (  i       k  );     j  ++  )     {      // Base Cases      if     (  j     ==     0     ||     j     ==     i  )      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     1  ;          // Calculate value using      // previously stored values      else      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     C  [  i     -     1  ][  j     -     1  ]     +     C  [  i     -     1  ][  j  ];      }      }      return     C  [  n  ][  k  ];      }          // method returns sum of average of all subsets      function     resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  )      {      // Initialize result      let     result     =     0.0  ;          // Find sum of elements      let     sum     =     0  ;      for     (  let     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ];          // looping once for all subset of same size      for     (  let     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )          /* each element occurs nCr(N-1 n-1) times while    considering subset of size n */      result     +=     (  sum     *     (  nCr  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  )))     /     n  ;          return     result  ;      }          let     arr     =     [     2       3       5       7     ];      let     N     =     arr  .  length  ;      document  .  write  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  ));        <  /script>   
PHP
      // PHP program to get sum    // of average of all subsets   // Returns value of Binomial   // Coefficient C(n k)   function   nCr  (  $n     $k  )   {   $C  [  $n   +   1  ][  $k   +   1  ]   =   0  ;   $i  ;   $j  ;   // Calculate value of Binomial   // Coefficient in bottom up manner   for   (  $i   =   0  ;   $i    <=   $n  ;   $i  ++  )   {   for   (  $j   =   0  ;   $j    <=   min  (  $i     $k  );   $j  ++  )   {   // Base Cases   if   (  $j   ==   0   ||   $j   ==   $i  )   $C  [  $i  ][  $j  ]   =   1  ;   // Calculate value using    // previously stored values   else   $C  [  $i  ][  $j  ]   =   $C  [  $i   -   1  ][  $j   -   1  ]   +   $C  [  $i   -   1  ][  $j  ];   }   }   return   $C  [  $n  ][  $k  ];   }   // method returns sum of   // average of all subsets   function   resultOfAllSubsets  (  $arr     $N  )   {   // Initialize result   $result   =   0.0  ;   // Find sum of elements   $sum   =   0  ;   for   (  $i   =   0  ;   $i    <   $N  ;   $i  ++  )   $sum   +=   $arr  [  $i  ];   // looping once for all    // subset of same size   for   (  $n   =   1  ;   $n    <=   $N  ;   $n  ++  )   /* each element occurs nCr(N-1     n-1) times while considering     subset of size n */   $result   +=   ((  $sum   *   (  nCr  (  $N   -   1     $n   -   1  )))   /   $n  );   return   $result  ;   }   // Driver Code   $arr   =   array  (   2     3     5     7   );   $N   =   sizeof  (  $arr  )   /   sizeof  (  $arr  [  0  ]);   echo   resultOfAllSubsets  (  $arr     $N  )   ;   // This code is contributed by nitin mittal.    ?>   
Python3
   # Python3 program to get sum   # of average of all subsets   # Returns value of Binomial   # Coefficient C(n k)   def   nCr  (  n     k  ):   C   =   [[  0   for   i   in   range  (  k   +   1  )]   for   j   in   range  (  n   +   1  )]   # Calculate value of Binomial    # Coefficient in bottom up manner   for   i   in   range  (  n   +   1  ):   for   j   in   range  (  min  (  i     k  )   +   1  ):   # Base Cases   if   (  j   ==   0   or   j   ==   i  ):   C  [  i  ][  j  ]   =   1   # Calculate value using    # previously stored values   else  :   C  [  i  ][  j  ]   =   C  [  i  -  1  ][  j  -  1  ]   +   C  [  i  -  1  ][  j  ]   return   C  [  n  ][  k  ]   # Method returns sum of   # average of all subsets   def   resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr     N  ):   result   =   0.0   # Initialize result   # Find sum of elements   sum   =   0   for   i   in   range  (  N  ):   sum   +=   arr  [  i  ]   # looping once for all subset of same size   for   n   in   range  (  1     N   +   1  ):   # each element occurs nCr(N-1 n-1) times while   # considering subset of size n */   result   +=   (  sum   *   (  nCr  (  N   -   1     n   -   1  )))   /   n   return   result   # Driver code    arr   =   [  2     3     5     7  ]   N   =   len  (  arr  )   print  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr     N  ))   # This code is contributed by Anant Agarwal.   

Produksjon
63.75 

Tidskompleksitet: 3 )
Hjelpeplass: 2 )

Effektiv tilnærming: plassoptimalisering O(1)
For å optimere plasskompleksiteten til tilnærmingen ovenfor kan vi bruke en mer effektiv tilnærming som unngår behovet for hele matrisen C[][] å lagre binomiale koeffisienter. I stedet kan vi bruke en kombinasjonsformel for å beregne binomialkoeffisienten direkte ved behov.

Implementeringstrinn:

  • Iterer over elementene i matrisen og beregn summen av alle elementene.
  • Iterer over hver delsettstørrelse fra 1 til N.
  • Inne i løkken beregner gjennomsnittlig av summen av elementer multiplisert med den binomiale koeffisienten for delmengdestørrelsen. Legg til det beregnede gjennomsnittet til resultatet.
  • Returner det endelige resultatet.

Implementering:

C++
   #include          using     namespace     std  ;   // Method to calculate binomial coefficient C(n k)   int     binomialCoeff  (  int     n       int     k  )   {      int     res     =     1  ;      // Since C(n k) = C(n n-k)      if     (  k     >     n     -     k  )      k     =     n     -     k  ;      // Calculate value of [n * (n-1) * ... * (n-k+1)] / [k * (k-1) * ... * 1]      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     k  ;     i  ++  )      {      res     *=     (  n     -     i  );      res     /=     (  i     +     1  );      }      return     res  ;   }   // Method to calculate the sum of the average of all subsets   double     resultOfAllSubsets  (  int     arr  []     int     N  )   {      double     result     =     0.0  ;      int     sum     =     0  ;      // Calculate the sum of elements      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ];      // Loop for each subset size      for     (  int     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )      result     +=     (  double  )(  sum     *     binomialCoeff  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  ))     /     n  ;      return     result  ;   }   // Driver code to test the above methods   int     main  ()   {      int     arr  []     =     {     2       3       5       7     };      int     N     =     sizeof  (  arr  )     /     sizeof  (  int  );      cout      < <     resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  )      < <     endl  ;      return     0  ;   }   
Java
   import     java.util.Arrays  ;   public     class   Main     {      // Method to calculate binomial coefficient C(n k)      static     int     binomialCoeff  (  int     n       int     k  )     {      int     res     =     1  ;      // Since C(n k) = C(n n-k)      if     (  k     >     n     -     k  )      k     =     n     -     k  ;      // Calculate value of [n * (n-1) * ... * (n-k+1)] / [k * (k-1) * ... * 1]      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     k  ;     i  ++  )     {      res     *=     (  n     -     i  );      res     /=     (  i     +     1  );      }      return     res  ;      }      // Method to calculate the sum of the average of all subsets      static     double     resultOfAllSubsets  (  int     arr  []       int     N  )     {      double     result     =     0.0  ;      int     sum     =     0  ;      // Calculate the sum of elements      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ]  ;      // Loop for each subset size      for     (  int     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )      result     +=     (  double  )     (  sum     *     binomialCoeff  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  ))     /     n  ;      return     result  ;      }      // Driver code to test the above methods      public     static     void     main  (  String  []     args  )     {      int     arr  []     =     {  2       3       5       7  };      int     N     =     arr  .  length  ;      System  .  out  .  println  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  ));      }   }   
C#
   using     System  ;   public     class     MainClass   {      // Method to calculate binomial coefficient C(n k)      static     int     BinomialCoeff  (  int     n       int     k  )      {      int     res     =     1  ;      // Since C(n k) = C(n n-k)      if     (  k     >     n     -     k  )      k     =     n     -     k  ;      // Calculate value of [n * (n-1) * ... * (n-k+1)] / [k * (k-1) * ... * 1]      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     k  ;     i  ++  )      {      res     *=     (  n     -     i  );      res     /=     (  i     +     1  );      }      return     res  ;      }      // Method to calculate the sum of the average of all subsets      static     double     ResultOfAllSubsets  (  int  []     arr       int     N  )      {      double     result     =     0.0  ;      int     sumVal     =     0  ;      // Calculate the sum of elements      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sumVal     +=     arr  [  i  ];      // Loop for each subset size      for     (  int     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )      result     +=     (  double  )(  sumVal     *     BinomialCoeff  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  ))     /     n  ;      return     result  ;      }      // Driver code to test the above methods      public     static     void     Main  ()      {      int  []     arr     =     {     2       3       5       7     };      int     N     =     arr  .  Length  ;      Console  .  WriteLine  (  ResultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  ));      }   }   
JavaScript
   // Function to calculate binomial coefficient C(n k)   function     binomialCoeff  (  n       k  )     {      let     res     =     1  ;      // Since C(n k) = C(n n-k)      if     (  k     >     n     -     k  )      k     =     n     -     k  ;      // Calculate value of [n * (n-1) * ... * (n-k+1)] / [k * (k-1) * ... * 1]      for     (  let     i     =     0  ;     i      <     k  ;     i  ++  )     {      res     *=     (  n     -     i  );      res     /=     (  i     +     1  );      }      return     res  ;   }   // Function to calculate the sum of the average of all subsets   function     resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr  )     {      let     result     =     0.0  ;      let     sum     =     arr  .  reduce  ((  acc       val  )     =>     acc     +     val       0  );      // Loop for each subset size      for     (  let     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     arr  .  length  ;     n  ++  )     {      result     +=     (  sum     *     binomialCoeff  (  arr  .  length     -     1       n     -     1  ))     /     n  ;      }      return     result  ;   }   const     arr     =     [  2       3       5       7  ];   console  .  log  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr  ));   
Python3
   # Method to calculate binomial coefficient C(n k)   def   binomialCoeff  (  n     k  ):   res   =   1   # Since C(n k) = C(n n-k)   if   k   >   n   -   k  :   k   =   n   -   k   # Calculate value of [n * (n-1) * ... * (n-k+1)] / [k * (k-1) * ... * 1]   for   i   in   range  (  k  ):   res   *=   (  n   -   i  )   res   //=   (  i   +   1  )   return   res   # Method to calculate the sum of the average of all subsets   def   resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr     N  ):   result   =   0.0   sum_val   =   0   # Calculate the sum of elements   for   i   in   range  (  N  ):   sum_val   +=   arr  [  i  ]   # Loop for each subset size   for   n   in   range  (  1     N   +   1  ):   result   +=   (  sum_val   *   binomialCoeff  (  N   -   1     n   -   1  ))   /   n   return   result   # Driver code to test the above methods   arr   =   [  2     3     5     7  ]   N   =   len  (  arr  )   print  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr     N  ))   


Produksjon

 63.75  

Tidskompleksitet: O(n^2)
Hjelpeplass: O(1)



 

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