LCA n-ary Tree | Pastāvīgs vaicājums O(1)
Mēs esam redzējuši dažādas metodes ar dažādu laika sarežģītību, lai aprēķinātu LCA n-ārā kokā: -
1. metode: Naivā metode (aprēķinot ceļu no saknes līdz mezglam) | O(n) katram vaicājumam
2. metode: Izmantojot Sqrt Decomposition | O (sqrt H)
3. metode: Izmantojot Sparse Matrix DP pieeju | O(pieteikties)
Izpētīsim citu metodi, kurai ir ātrāks vaicājuma laiks nekā visām iepriekš minētajām metodēm. Tāpēc mūsu mērķis būs aprēķināt LCA konstants laiks ~ O(1) . Redzēsim, kā mēs to varam sasniegt.
4. metode: diapazona minimālā vaicājuma izmantošana
Mēs esam apsprieduši LCA un RMQ binārajam kokam . Šeit mēs apspriežam LCA problēmu uz RMQ problēmu pārveidošanu n-āra kokam.
Pre-requisites:- LCA in Binary Tree using RMQ RMQ using sparse table
Galvenais jēdziens: Izmantojot šo metodi, mēs reducēsim mūsu LCA problēmu uz RMQ (Range Minimum Query) problēmu statiskā masīvā. Kad mēs to izdarīsim, mēs saistīsim diapazona minimālos vaicājumus ar nepieciešamajiem LCA vaicājumiem.
Pirmais solis būs koka sadalīšana plakanā lineārā masīvā. Lai to izdarītu, mēs varam izmantot Eilera gājienu. Eilera gājiens nodrošinās grafika priekšpasūtījumu. Tāpēc mēs veiksim Eilera gājienu uz koka un uzglabāsim mezglus masīvā, kad tos apmeklēsim. Šis process samazina koku > 
Tagad padomāsim vispārīgi: apsveriet jebkurus divus koka mezglus. Būs tieši viens ceļš, kas savienos abus mezglus, un mezgls, kuram ir vismazākā dziļuma vērtība ceļā, būs divu doto mezglu LCA.
Tagad ņemiet divus atšķirīgus mezglus iekšā un v Eilera pastaigu masīvā. Tagad visi elementi ceļā no u līdz v atradīsies starp mezglu indeksu u un v Eilera pastaigu masīvā. Tāpēc mums vienkārši jāaprēķina mezgls ar minimālo dziļumu starp mezgla u indeksu un mezglu v eulera masīvā.
Šim nolūkam mēs uzturēsim citu masīvu, kurā būs visu mezglu dziļums, kas atbilst to pozīcijai Eilera pastaigu masīvā, lai mēs varētu tam piemērot mūsu RMQ algoritmu.
Tālāk ir parādīts Eilera gājiena masīvs paralēli tā dziļuma trases masīvam.
Piemērs: Apsveriet divus mezglus mezgls 6 un mezgls 7 Eilera masīvā. Lai aprēķinātu 6. un 7. mezgla LCA, mēs skatāmies uz mazāko dziļuma vērtību visiem mezgliem starp 6. un 7. mezglu.
Tāpēc mezgls 1 ir mazākais dziļuma vērtība = 0 un līdz ar to tā ir LCA 6. un 7. mezglam.
Īstenošana: -
We will be maintaining three arrays 1) Euler Path 2) Depth array 3) First Appearance Index
Eilera ceļš un dziļuma masīvs ir tādi paši kā aprakstīts iepriekš
Pirmā parādīšanās indekss FAI[]: Pirmā izskata indeksa masīvs saglabās indeksu katra Eilera ceļa masīva mezgla pirmajai pozīcijai. FAI[i] = Pirmā i-tā mezgla parādīšanās Euler Walk masīvā.
Iepriekš minētās metodes ieviešana ir norādīta zemāk:
Īstenošana:
C++ // C++ program to demonstrate LCA of n-ary tree // in constant time. #include 'bits/stdc++.h' using namespace std ; #define sz 101 vector < int > adj [ sz ]; // stores the tree vector < int > euler ; // tracks the eulerwalk vector < int > depthArr ; // depth for each node corresponding // to eulerwalk int FAI [ sz ]; // stores first appearance index of every node int level [ sz ]; // stores depth for all nodes in the tree int ptr ; // pointer to euler walk int dp [ sz ][ 18 ]; // sparse table int logn [ sz ]; // stores log values int p2 [ 20 ]; // stores power of 2 void buildSparseTable ( int n ) { // initializing sparse table memset ( dp -1 sizeof ( dp )); // filling base case values for ( int i = 1 ; i < n ; i ++ ) dp [ i -1 ][ 0 ] = ( depthArr [ i ] > depthArr [ i -1 ]) ? i -1 : i ; // dp to fill sparse table for ( int l = 1 ; l < 15 ; l ++ ) for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ ) if ( dp [ i ][ l -1 ] != -1 and dp [ i + p2 [ l -1 ]][ l -1 ] != -1 ) dp [ i ][ l ] = ( depthArr [ dp [ i ][ l -1 ]] > depthArr [ dp [ i + p2 [ l -1 ]][ l -1 ]]) ? dp [ i + p2 [ l -1 ]][ l -1 ] : dp [ i ][ l -1 ]; else break ; } int query ( int l int r ) { int d = r - l ; int dx = logn [ d ]; if ( l == r ) return l ; if ( depthArr [ dp [ l ][ dx ]] > depthArr [ dp [ r - p2 [ dx ]][ dx ]]) return dp [ r - p2 [ dx ]][ dx ]; else return dp [ l ][ dx ]; } void preprocess () { // memorizing powers of 2 p2 [ 0 ] = 1 ; for ( int i = 1 ; i < 18 ; i ++ ) p2 [ i ] = p2 [ i -1 ] * 2 ; // memorizing all log(n) values int val = 1 ptr = 0 ; for ( int i = 1 ; i < sz ; i ++ ) { logn [ i ] = ptr -1 ; if ( val == i ) { val *= 2 ; logn [ i ] = ptr ; ptr ++ ; } } } /** * Euler Walk ( preorder traversal) * converting tree to linear depthArray * Time Complexity : O(n) * */ void dfs ( int cur int prev int dep ) { // marking FAI for cur node if ( FAI [ cur ] == -1 ) FAI [ cur ] = ptr ; level [ cur ] = dep ; // pushing root to euler walk euler . push_back ( cur ); // incrementing euler walk pointer ptr ++ ; for ( auto x : adj [ cur ]) { if ( x != prev ) { dfs ( x cur dep + 1 ); // pushing cur again in backtrack // of euler walk euler . push_back ( cur ); // increment euler walk pointer ptr ++ ; } } } // Create Level depthArray corresponding // to the Euler walk Array void makeArr () { for ( auto x : euler ) depthArr . push_back ( level [ x ]); } int LCA ( int u int v ) { // trivial case if ( u == v ) return u ; if ( FAI [ u ] > FAI [ v ]) swap ( u v ); // doing RMQ in the required range return euler [ query ( FAI [ u ] FAI [ v ])]; } void addEdge ( int u int v ) { adj [ u ]. push_back ( v ); adj [ v ]. push_back ( u ); } int main ( int argc char const * argv []) { // constructing the described tree int numberOfNodes = 8 ; addEdge ( 1 2 ); addEdge ( 1 3 ); addEdge ( 2 4 ); addEdge ( 2 5 ); addEdge ( 2 6 ); addEdge ( 3 7 ); addEdge ( 3 8 ); // performing required precalculations preprocess (); // doing the Euler walk ptr = 0 ; memset ( FAI -1 sizeof ( FAI )); dfs ( 1 0 0 ); // creating depthArray corresponding to euler[] makeArr (); // building sparse table buildSparseTable ( depthArr . size ()); cout < < 'LCA(67) : ' < < LCA ( 6 7 ) < < ' n ' ; cout < < 'LCA(64) : ' < < LCA ( 6 4 ) < < ' n ' ; return 0 ; }
Java // Java program to demonstrate LCA of n-ary // tree in constant time. import java.util.ArrayList ; import java.util.Arrays ; class GFG { static int sz = 101 ; @SuppressWarnings ( 'unchecked' ) // Stores the tree static ArrayList < Integer >[] adj = new ArrayList [ sz ] ; // Tracks the eulerwalk static ArrayList < Integer > euler = new ArrayList <> (); // Depth for each node corresponding static ArrayList < Integer > depthArr = new ArrayList <> (); // to eulerwalk // Stores first appearance index of every node static int [] FAI = new int [ sz ] ; // Stores depth for all nodes in the tree static int [] level = new int [ sz ] ; // Pointer to euler walk static int ptr ; // Sparse table static int [][] dp = new int [ sz ][ 18 ] ; // Stores log values static int [] logn = new int [ sz ] ; // Stores power of 2 static int [] p2 = new int [ 20 ] ; static void buildSparseTable ( int n ) { // Initializing sparse table for ( int i = 0 ; i < sz ; i ++ ) { for ( int j = 0 ; j < 18 ; j ++ ) { dp [ i ][ j ] = - 1 ; } } // Filling base case values for ( int i = 1 ; i < n ; i ++ ) dp [ i - 1 ][ 0 ] = ( depthArr . get ( i ) > depthArr . get ( i - 1 )) ? i - 1 : i ; // dp to fill sparse table for ( int l = 1 ; l < 15 ; l ++ ) for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ ) if ( dp [ i ][ l - 1 ] != - 1 && dp [ i + p2 [ l - 1 ]][ l - 1 ] != - 1 ) dp [ i ][ l ] = ( depthArr . get ( dp [ i ][ l - 1 ] ) > depthArr . get ( dp [ i + p2 [ l - 1 ]][ l - 1 ] )) ? dp [ i + p2 [ l - 1 ]][ l - 1 ] : dp [ i ][ l - 1 ] ; else break ; } static int query ( int l int r ) { int d = r - l ; int dx = logn [ d ] ; if ( l == r ) return l ; if ( depthArr . get ( dp [ l ][ dx ] ) > depthArr . get ( dp [ r - p2 [ dx ]][ dx ] )) return dp [ r - p2 [ dx ]][ dx ] ; else return dp [ l ][ dx ] ; } static void preprocess () { // Memorizing powers of 2 p2 [ 0 ] = 1 ; for ( int i = 1 ; i < 18 ; i ++ ) p2 [ i ] = p2 [ i - 1 ] * 2 ; // Memorizing all log(n) values int val = 1 ptr = 0 ; for ( int i = 1 ; i < sz ; i ++ ) { logn [ i ] = ptr - 1 ; if ( val == i ) { val *= 2 ; logn [ i ] = ptr ; ptr ++ ; } } } // Euler Walk ( preorder traversal) converting // tree to linear depthArray // Time Complexity : O(n) static void dfs ( int cur int prev int dep ) { // Marking FAI for cur node if ( FAI [ cur ] == - 1 ) FAI [ cur ] = ptr ; level [ cur ] = dep ; // Pushing root to euler walk euler . add ( cur ); // Incrementing euler walk pointer ptr ++ ; for ( Integer x : adj [ cur ] ) { if ( x != prev ) { dfs ( x cur dep + 1 ); // Pushing cur again in backtrack // of euler walk euler . add ( cur ); // Increment euler walk pointer ptr ++ ; } } } // Create Level depthArray corresponding // to the Euler walk Array static void makeArr () { for ( Integer x : euler ) depthArr . add ( level [ x ] ); } static int LCA ( int u int v ) { // Trivial case if ( u == v ) return u ; if ( FAI [ u ] > FAI [ v ] ) { int temp = u ; u = v ; v = temp ; } // Doing RMQ in the required range return euler . get ( query ( FAI [ u ] FAI [ v ] )); } static void addEdge ( int u int v ) { adj [ u ] . add ( v ); adj [ v ] . add ( u ); } // Driver code public static void main ( String [] args ) { for ( int i = 0 ; i < sz ; i ++ ) { adj [ i ] = new ArrayList <> (); } // Constructing the described tree int numberOfNodes = 8 ; addEdge ( 1 2 ); addEdge ( 1 3 ); addEdge ( 2 4 ); addEdge ( 2 5 ); addEdge ( 2 6 ); addEdge ( 3 7 ); addEdge ( 3 8 ); // Performing required precalculations preprocess (); // Doing the Euler walk ptr = 0 ; Arrays . fill ( FAI - 1 ); dfs ( 1 0 0 ); // Creating depthArray corresponding to euler[] makeArr (); // Building sparse table buildSparseTable ( depthArr . size ()); System . out . println ( 'LCA(67) : ' + LCA ( 6 7 )); System . out . println ( 'LCA(64) : ' + LCA ( 6 4 )); } } // This code is contributed by sanjeev2552
Python3 # Python program to demonstrate LCA of n-ary tree # in constant time. from typing import List # stores the tree adj = [[] for _ in range ( 101 )] # tracks the eulerwalk euler = [] # depth for each node corresponding to eulerwalk depthArr = [] # stores first appearance index of every node FAI = [ - 1 ] * 101 # stores depth for all nodes in the tree level = [ 0 ] * 101 # pointer to euler walk ptr = 0 # sparse table dp = [[ - 1 ] * 18 for _ in range ( 101 )] # stores log values logn = [ 0 ] * 101 # stores power of 2 p2 = [ 0 ] * 20 def buildSparseTable ( n : int ): # initializing sparse table for i in range ( n ): dp [ i ][ 0 ] = i - 1 if depthArr [ i ] > depthArr [ i - 1 ] else i # dp to fill sparse table for l in range ( 1 15 ): for i in range ( n ): if dp [ i ][ l - 1 ] != - 1 and dp [ i + p2 [ l - 1 ]][ l - 1 ] != - 1 : dp [ i ][ l ] = dp [ i + p2 [ l - 1 ]][ l - 1 ] if depthArr [ dp [ i ][ l - 1 ] ] > depthArr [ dp [ i + p2 [ l - 1 ]][ l - 1 ]] else dp [ i ][ l - 1 ] else : break def query ( l : int r : int ) -> int : d = r - l dx = logn [ d ] if l == r : return l if depthArr [ dp [ l ][ dx ]] > depthArr [ dp [ r - p2 [ dx ]][ dx ]]: return dp [ r - p2 [ dx ]][ dx ] else : return dp [ l ][ dx ] def preprocess (): global ptr # memorizing powers of 2 p2 [ 0 ] = 1 for i in range ( 1 18 ): p2 [ i ] = p2 [ i - 1 ] * 2 # memorizing all log(n) values val = 1 ptr = 0 for i in range ( 1 101 ): logn [ i ] = ptr - 1 if val == i : val *= 2 logn [ i ] = ptr ptr += 1 def dfs ( cur : int prev : int dep : int ): global ptr # marking FAI for cur node if FAI [ cur ] == - 1 : FAI [ cur ] = ptr level [ cur ] = dep # pushing root to euler walk euler . append ( cur ) # incrementing euler walk pointer ptr += 1 for x in adj [ cur ]: if x != prev : dfs ( x cur dep + 1 ) # pushing cur again in backtrack # of euler walk euler . append ( cur ) # increment euler walk pointer ptr += 1 # Create Level depthArray corresponding # to the Euler walk Array def makeArr (): global depthArr for x in euler : depthArr . append ( level [ x ]) def LCA ( u : int v : int ) -> int : # trivial case if u == v : return u if FAI [ u ] > FAI [ v ]: u v = v u # doing RMQ in the required range return euler [ query ( FAI [ u ] FAI [ v ])] def addEdge ( u v ): adj [ u ] . append ( v ) adj [ v ] . append ( u ) # constructing the described tree numberOfNodes = 8 addEdge ( 1 2 ) addEdge ( 1 3 ) addEdge ( 2 4 ) addEdge ( 2 5 ) addEdge ( 2 6 ) addEdge ( 3 7 ) addEdge ( 3 8 ) # performing required precalculations preprocess () # doing the Euler walk ptr = 0 FAI = [ - 1 ] * ( numberOfNodes + 1 ) dfs ( 1 0 0 ) # creating depthArray corresponding to euler[] makeArr () # building sparse table buildSparseTable ( len ( depthArr )) print ( 'LCA(67) : ' LCA ( 6 7 )) print ( 'LCA(64) : ' LCA ( 6 4 ))
C# // C# program to demonstrate LCA of n-ary // tree in constant time. using System ; using System.Collections.Generic ; public class GFG { static int sz = 101 ; // Stores the tree static List < int > [] adj = new List < int > [ sz ]; // Tracks the eulerwalk static List < int > euler = new List < int > (); // Depth for each node corresponding static List < int > depthArr = new List < int > (); // to eulerwalk // Stores first appearance index of every node static int [] FAI = new int [ sz ]; // Stores depth for all nodes in the tree static int [] level = new int [ sz ]; // Pointer to euler walk static int ptr ; // Sparse table static int [] dp = new int [ sz 18 ]; // Stores log values static int [] logn = new int [ sz ]; // Stores power of 2 static int [] p2 = new int [ 20 ]; static void buildSparseTable ( int n ) { // Initializing sparse table for ( int i = 0 ; i < sz ; i ++ ) { for ( int j = 0 ; j < 18 ; j ++ ) { dp [ i j ] = - 1 ; } } // Filling base case values for ( int i = 1 ; i < n ; i ++ ) dp [ i - 1 0 ] = ( depthArr [ i ] > depthArr [ i - 1 ]) ? i - 1 : i ; // dp to fill sparse table for ( int l = 1 ; l < 15 ; l ++ ) for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ ) if ( dp [ i l - 1 ] != - 1 && dp [ i + p2 [ l - 1 ] l - 1 ] != - 1 ) dp [ i l ] = ( depthArr [ dp [ i l - 1 ]] > depthArr [ dp [ i + p2 [ l - 1 ] l - 1 ]]) ? dp [ i + p2 [ l - 1 ] l - 1 ] : dp [ i l - 1 ]; else break ; } static int query ( int l int r ) { int d = r - l ; int dx = logn [ d ]; if ( l == r ) return l ; if ( depthArr [ dp [ l dx ]] > depthArr [ dp [ r - p2 [ dx ] dx ]]) return dp [ r - p2 [ dx ] dx ]; else return dp [ l dx ]; } static void preprocess () { // Memorizing powers of 2 p2 [ 0 ] = 1 ; for ( int i = 1 ; i < 18 ; i ++ ) p2 [ i ] = p2 [ i - 1 ] * 2 ; // Memorizing all log(n) values int val = 1 ptr = 0 ; for ( int i = 1 ; i < sz ; i ++ ) { logn [ i ] = ptr - 1 ; if ( val == i ) { val *= 2 ; logn [ i ] = ptr ; ptr ++ ; } } } // Euler Walk ( preorder traversal) converting // tree to linear depthArray // Time Complexity : O(n) static void dfs ( int cur int prev int dep ) { // Marking FAI for cur node if ( FAI [ cur ] == - 1 ) FAI [ cur ] = ptr ; level [ cur ] = dep ; // Pushing root to euler walk euler . Add ( cur ); // Incrementing euler walk pointer ptr ++ ; foreach ( int x in adj [ cur ]) { if ( x != prev ) { dfs ( x cur dep + 1 ); euler . Add ( cur ); ptr ++ ; } } } // Create Level depthArray corresponding // to the Euler walk Array static void makeArr () { foreach ( int x in euler ) depthArr . Add ( level [ x ]); } static int LCA ( int u int v ) { // Trivial case if ( u == v ) return u ; if ( FAI [ u ] > FAI [ v ]) { int temp = u ; u = v ; v = temp ; } // Doing RMQ in the required range return euler [ query ( FAI [ u ] FAI [ v ])]; } static void addEdge ( int u int v ) { adj [ u ]. Add ( v ); adj [ v ]. Add ( u ); } // Driver Code static void Main ( string [] args ) { int sz = 9 ; adj = new List < int > [ sz ]; for ( int i = 0 ; i < sz ; i ++ ) { adj [ i ] = new List < int > (); } // Constructing the described tree int numberOfNodes = 8 ; addEdge ( 1 2 ); addEdge ( 1 3 ); addEdge ( 2 4 ); addEdge ( 2 5 ); addEdge ( 2 6 ); addEdge ( 3 7 ); addEdge ( 3 8 ); // Performing required precalculations preprocess (); // Doing the Euler walk ptr = 0 ; Array . Fill ( FAI - 1 ); dfs ( 1 0 0 ); // Creating depthArray corresponding to euler[] makeArr (); // Building sparse table buildSparseTable ( depthArr . Count ); Console . WriteLine ( 'LCA(67) : ' + LCA ( 6 7 )); Console . WriteLine ( 'LCA(64) : ' + LCA ( 6 4 )); } } // This code is contributed by Prince Kumar
JavaScript let adj = []; for ( let _ = 0 ; _ < 101 ; _ ++ ) { adj . push ([]); } // tracks the eulerwalk let euler = []; // depth for each node corresponding to eulerwalk let depthArr = []; // stores first appearance index of every node let FAI = new Array ( 101 ). fill ( - 1 ); // stores depth for all nodes in the tree let level = new Array ( 101 ). fill ( 0 ); // pointer to euler walk let ptr = 0 ; // sparse table let dp = []; for ( let _ = 0 ; _ < 101 ; _ ++ ) { dp . push ( new Array ( 18 ). fill ( - 1 )); } // stores log values let logn = new Array ( 101 ). fill ( 0 ); // stores power of 2 let p2 = new Array ( 20 ). fill ( 0 ); function buildSparseTable ( n ) { // initializing sparse table for ( let i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ ) { dp [ i ][ 0 ] = i - 1 >= 0 && depthArr [ i ] > depthArr [ i - 1 ] ? i - 1 : i ; } // dp to fill sparse table for ( let l = 1 ; l < 15 ; l ++ ) { for ( let i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ ) { if ( dp [ i ][ l - 1 ] !== - 1 && dp [ i + p2 [ l - 1 ]][ l - 1 ] !== - 1 ) { dp [ i ][ l ] = depthArr [ dp [ i ][ l - 1 ]] > depthArr [ dp [ i + p2 [ l - 1 ]][ l - 1 ]] ? dp [ i + p2 [ l - 1 ]][ l - 1 ] : dp [ i ][ l - 1 ]; } else { break ; } } } } function query ( l r ) { let d = r - l ; let dx = logn [ d ]; if ( l === r ) { return l ; } if ( depthArr [ dp [ l ][ dx ]] > depthArr [ dp [ r - p2 [ dx ]][ dx ]]) { return dp [ r - p2 [ dx ]][ dx ]; } else { return dp [ l ][ dx ]; } } function preprocess () { // memorizing powers of 2 p2 [ 0 ] = 1 ; for ( let i = 1 ; i < 18 ; i ++ ) { p2 [ i ] = p2 [ i - 1 ] * 2 ; } // memorizing all log(n) values let val = 1 ; ptr = 0 ; for ( let i = 1 ; i < 101 ; i ++ ) { logn [ i ] = ptr - 1 ; if ( val === i ) { val *= 2 ; logn [ i ] = ptr ; ptr += 1 ; } } } function dfs ( cur prev dep ) { // marking FAI for cur node if ( FAI [ cur ] === - 1 ) { FAI [ cur ] = ptr ; } level [ cur ] = dep ; // pushing root to euler walk euler . push ( cur ); // incrementing euler walk pointer ptr += 1 ; for ( let x of adj [ cur ]) { if ( x !== prev ) { dfs ( x cur dep + 1 ); // pushing cur again in backtrack // of euler walk euler . push ( cur ); // increment euler walk pointer ptr += 1 ; } } } // Create Level depthArray corresponding // to the Euler walk Array function makeArr () { for ( let x of euler ) { depthArr . push ( level [ x ]); } } function LCA ( u v ) { // trivial case if ( u === v ) { return u ; } if ( FAI [ u ] > FAI [ v ]) { [ u v ] = [ v u ]; } // doing RMQ in the required range return euler [ query ( FAI [ u ] FAI [ v ])]; } function addEdge ( u v ) { adj [ u ]. push ( v ); adj [ v ]. push ( u ); } // constructing the described tree let numberOfNodes = 8 ; addEdge ( 1 2 ); addEdge ( 1 3 ); addEdge ( 2 4 ); addEdge ( 2 5 ); addEdge ( 2 6 ); addEdge ( 3 7 ); addEdge ( 3 8 ); // performing required precalculations preprocess (); // doing the Euler walk ptr = 0 ; FAI = new Array ( numberOfNodes + 1 ). fill ( - 1 ); dfs ( 1 0 0 ); // creating depthArray corresponding to euler[] makeArr (); // building sparse table buildSparseTable ( depthArr . length ); console . log ( 'LCA(67) : ' LCA ( 6 7 )); console . log ( 'LCA(64) : ' LCA ( 6 4 ));
Izvade
LCA(67) : 1 LCA(64) : 2
Piezīme: Mēs veicam visu nepieciešamo 2 jaudas aprēķinu, kā arī visu nepieciešamo log vērtību iepriekšēju aprēķinu, lai nodrošinātu nemainīgu laika sarežģītību vienam vaicājumam. Pretējā gadījumā, ja mēs veiktu žurnāla aprēķinus katrai vaicājuma darbībai, mūsu laika sarežģītība nebūtu nemainīga.
Laika sarežģītība: Pārveidošanas procesu no LCA uz RMQ veic Euler Walk, kas aizņem O(n) laiks.
Retās tabulas iepriekšēja apstrāde RMQ aizņem O (nlogn) laiku, un atbilde uz katru vaicājumu ir pastāvīga laika process. Tāpēc kopējā laika sarežģītība ir O(nlogn) - priekšapstrāde un O(1) katram vaicājumam.
Palīgtelpa: O(n+s)
Izveidojiet viktorīnu
