תזמון משרות משוקלל | סט 2 (באמצעות LIS)

נתון N משרות שבהן כל משרה מיוצגת על ידי מעקב אחר שלושה אלמנטים שלה.
1. שעת התחלה 
2. זמן סיום 
3. רווח או ערך משויך
מצא את תת-קבוצת הרווח המקסימלי של משרות כך שאין שתי משרות בתת-הקבוצה חופפות.

דוגמאות:  

    Input:         
Number of Jobs n = 4
Job Details {Start Time Finish Time Profit}
Job 1: {1 2 50}
Job 2: {3 5 20}
Job 3: {6 19 100}
Job 4: {2 100 200}

Output:
Job 1: {1 2 50}
Job 4: {2 100 200}

Explanation: We can get the maximum profit by
scheduling jobs 1 and 4 and maximum profit is 250.

ב קוֹדֵם פוסט שדיברנו על בעיית תזמון עבודה משוקלל. דנו בפתרון DP שבו אנחנו כוללים או לא כולל עבודה נוכחית. בפוסט זה נדון פתרון DP מעניין נוסף בו אנו מדפיסים גם את ה-Jobs. בעיה זו היא וריאציה של תקן הרצף הארוך ביותר המתגבר (LIS) בְּעָיָה. אנו זקוקים לשינוי קל בפתרון התכנות הדינמי של בעיית LIS.

ראשית עלינו למיין עבודות לפי שעת התחלה. תן לעבודה[0..n-1] להיות מערך העבודות לאחר המיון. אנו מגדירים וקטור L כך ש-L[i] הוא עצמו הוא וקטור המאחסן תזמון עבודה משוקלל של עבודה[0..i] המסתיים בעבודה[i]. לכן עבור אינדקס i L[i] ניתן לכתוב באופן רקורסיבי כ- 

 L[0] = {job[0]}   
L[i] = {MaxSum(L[j])} + job[i] where j < i and job[j].finish <= job[i].start
= job[i] if there is no such j


לדוגמה, שקול זוגות {3 10 20} {1 2 50} {6 19 100} {2 100 200}

 After sorting we get    
{1 2 50} {2 100 200} {3 10 20} {6 19 100}

Therefore
L[0]: {1 2 50}
L[1]: {1 2 50} {2 100 200}
L[2]: {1 2 50} {3 10 20}
L[3]: {1 2 50} {6 19 100}

אנו בוחרים את הווקטור עם הרווח הגבוה ביותר. במקרה זה L[1].

להלן יישום הרעיון לעיל - 

C++
   // C++ program for weighted job scheduling using LIS   #include          #include         #include          using     namespace     std  ;   // A job has start time finish time and profit.   struct     Job   {      int     start       finish       profit  ;   };   // Utility function to calculate sum of all vector   // elements   int     findSum  (  vector   <  Job  >     arr  )   {      int     sum     =     0  ;      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     arr  .  size  ();     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ].  profit  ;      return     sum  ;   }   // comparator function for sort function   int     compare  (  Job     x       Job     y  )   {      return     x  .  start      <     y  .  start  ;   }   // The main function that finds the maximum possible   // profit from given array of jobs   void     findMaxProfit  (  vector   <  Job  >     &  arr  )   {      // Sort arr[] by start time.      sort  (  arr  .  begin  ()     arr  .  end  ()     compare  );      // L[i] stores Weighted Job Scheduling of      // job[0..i] that ends with job[i]      vector   <  vector   <  Job  >>     L  (  arr  .  size  ());      // L[0] is equal to arr[0]      L  [  0  ].  push_back  (  arr  [  0  ]);      // start from index 1      for     (  int     i     =     1  ;     i      <     arr  .  size  ();     i  ++  )      {      // for every j less than i      for     (  int     j     =     0  ;     j      <     i  ;     j  ++  )      {      // L[i] = {MaxSum(L[j])} + arr[i] where j  < i      // and arr[j].finish  <= arr[i].start      if     ((  arr  [  j  ].  finish      <=     arr  [  i  ].  start  )     &&      (  findSum  (  L  [  j  ])     >     findSum  (  L  [  i  ])))      L  [  i  ]     =     L  [  j  ];      }      L  [  i  ].  push_back  (  arr  [  i  ]);      }      vector   <  Job  >     maxChain  ;      // find one with max profit      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     L  .  size  ();     i  ++  )      if     (  findSum  (  L  [  i  ])     >     findSum  (  maxChain  ))      maxChain     =     L  [  i  ];      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     maxChain  .  size  ();     i  ++  )      cout      < <     '('      < <     maxChain  [  i  ].  start      < <     ' '      < <      maxChain  [  i  ].  finish      < <     ' '       < <     maxChain  [  i  ].  profit      < <     ') '  ;   }   // Driver Function   int     main  ()   {      Job     a  []     =     {     {  3       10       20  }     {  1       2       50  }     {  6       19       100  }      {  2       100       200  }     };      int     n     =     sizeof  (  a  )     /     sizeof  (  a  [  0  ]);      vector   <  Job  >     arr  (  a       a     +     n  );      findMaxProfit  (  arr  );      return     0  ;   }   
Java
   // Java program for weighted job    // scheduling using LIS   import     java.util.ArrayList  ;   import     java.util.Arrays  ;   import     java.util.Collections  ;   import     java.util.Comparator  ;   class   Graph  {   // A job has start time finish time   // and profit.   static     class   Job   {      int     start       finish       profit  ;      public     Job  (  int     start       int     finish           int     profit  )      {      this  .  start     =     start  ;      this  .  finish     =     finish  ;      this  .  profit     =     profit  ;      }   };   // Utility function to calculate sum of all   // ArrayList elements   static     int     findSum  (  ArrayList   <  Job  >     arr  )      {      int     sum     =     0  ;          for  (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     arr  .  size  ();     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  .  get  (  i  ).  profit  ;          return     sum  ;   }   // The main function that finds the maximum   // possible profit from given array of jobs   static     void     findMaxProfit  (  ArrayList   <  Job  >     arr  )   {          // Sort arr[] by start time.      Collections  .  sort  (  arr       new     Comparator   <  Job  >  ()         {      @Override      public     int     compare  (  Job     x       Job     y  )         {      return     x  .  start     -     y  .  start  ;      }      });          // sort(arr.begin() arr.end() compare);      // L[i] stores Weighted Job Scheduling of      // job[0..i] that ends with job[i]      ArrayList   <  ArrayList   <  Job  >>     L     =     new     ArrayList   <>  ();      for  (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     arr  .  size  ();     i  ++  )      {      L  .  add  (  new     ArrayList   <>  ());      }      // L[0] is equal to arr[0]      L  .  get  (  0  ).  add  (  arr  .  get  (  0  ));      // Start from index 1      for  (  int     i     =     1  ;     i      <     arr  .  size  ();     i  ++  )         {          // For every j less than i      for  (  int     j     =     0  ;     j      <     i  ;     j  ++  )      {          // L[i] = {MaxSum(L[j])} + arr[i] where j  < i      // and arr[j].finish  <= arr[i].start      if     ((  arr  .  get  (  j  ).  finish      <=     arr  .  get  (  i  ).  start  )     &&      (  findSum  (  L  .  get  (  j  ))     >     findSum  (  L  .  get  (  i  ))))      {      ArrayList   <  Job  >     copied     =     new     ArrayList   <>  (      L  .  get  (  j  ));      L  .  set  (  i       copied  );      }      }      L  .  get  (  i  ).  add  (  arr  .  get  (  i  ));      }      ArrayList   <  Job  >     maxChain     =     new     ArrayList   <>  ();      // Find one with max profit      for  (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     L  .  size  ();     i  ++  )      if     (  findSum  (  L  .  get  (  i  ))     >     findSum  (  maxChain  ))      maxChain     =     L  .  get  (  i  );      for  (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     maxChain  .  size  ();     i  ++  )         {      System  .  out  .  printf  (  '(%d %d %d)n'           maxChain  .  get  (  i  ).  start           maxChain  .  get  (  i  ).  finish        maxChain  .  get  (  i  ).  profit  );      }   }   // Driver code   public     static     void     main  (  String  []     args  )   {      Job  []     a     =     {     new     Job  (  3       10       20  )         new     Job  (  1       2       50  )      new     Job  (  6       19       100  )      new     Job  (  2       100       200  )     };      ArrayList   <  Job  >     arr     =     new     ArrayList   <>  (      Arrays  .  asList  (  a  ));      findMaxProfit  (  arr  );   }   }   // This code is contributed by sanjeev2552   
Python
   # Python program for weighted job scheduling using LIS   import   sys   # A job has start time finish time and profit.   class   Job  :   def   __init__  (  self     start     finish     profit  ):   self  .  start   =   start   self  .  finish   =   finish   self  .  profit   =   profit   # Utility function to calculate sum of all vector elements   def   findSum  (  arr  ):   sum   =   0   for   i   in   range  (  len  (  arr  )):   sum   +=   arr  [  i  ]  .  profit   return   sum   # comparator function for sort function   def   compare  (  x     y  ):   if   x  .  start    <   y  .  start  :   return   -  1   elif   x  .  start   ==   y  .  start  :   return   0   else  :   return   1   # The main function that finds the maximum possible profit from given array of jobs   def   findMaxProfit  (  arr  ):   # Sort arr[] by start time.   arr  .  sort  (  key  =  lambda   x  :   x  .  start  )   # L[i] stores Weighted Job Scheduling of job[0..i] that ends with job[i]   L   =   [[]   for   _   in   range  (  len  (  arr  ))]   # L[0] is equal to arr[0]   L  [  0  ]  .  append  (  arr  [  0  ])   # start from index 1   for   i   in   range  (  1     len  (  arr  )):   # for every j less than i   for   j   in   range  (  i  ):   # L[i] = {MaxSum(L[j])} + arr[i] where j  < i   # and arr[j].finish  <= arr[i].start   if   arr  [  j  ]  .  finish    <=   arr  [  i  ]  .  start   and   findSum  (  L  [  j  ])   >   findSum  (  L  [  i  ]):   L  [  i  ]   =   L  [  j  ][:]   L  [  i  ]  .  append  (  arr  [  i  ])   maxChain   =   []   # find one with max profit   for   i   in   range  (  len  (  L  )):   if   findSum  (  L  [  i  ])   >   findSum  (  maxChain  ):   maxChain   =   L  [  i  ]   for   i   in   range  (  len  (  maxChain  )):   print  (  '(  {}     {}     {}  )'  .  format  (   maxChain  [  i  ]  .  start     maxChain  [  i  ]  .  finish     maxChain  [  i  ]  .  profit  )   end  =  ' '  )   # Driver Function   if   __name__   ==   '__main__'  :   a   =   [  Job  (  3     10     20  )   Job  (  1     2     50  )   Job  (  6     19     100  )   Job  (  2     100     200  )]   findMaxProfit  (  a  )   
C#
   using     System  ;   using     System.Collections.Generic  ;   using     System.Linq  ;   public     class     Graph   {      // A job has start time finish time      // and profit.      public     class     Job      {      public     int     start       finish       profit  ;      public     Job  (  int     start       int     finish           int     profit  )      {      this  .  start     =     start  ;      this  .  finish     =     finish  ;      this  .  profit     =     profit  ;      }      };      // Utility function to calculate sum of all      // ArrayList elements      public     static     int     FindSum  (  List   <  Job  >     arr  )         {      int     sum     =     0  ;          for  (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     arr  .  Count  ;     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  .  ElementAt  (  i  ).  profit  ;          return     sum  ;      }      // The main function that finds the maximum      // possible profit from given array of jobs      public     static     void     FindMaxProfit  (  List   <  Job  >     arr  )      {          // Sort arr[] by start time.      arr  .  Sort  ((  x       y  )     =>     x  .  start  .  CompareTo  (  y  .  start  ));      // L[i] stores Weighted Job Scheduling of      // job[0..i] that ends with job[i]      List   <  List   <  Job  >>     L     =     new     List   <  List   <  Job  >>  ();      for  (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     arr  .  Count  ;     i  ++  )      {      L  .  Add  (  new     List   <  Job  >  ());      }      // L[0] is equal to arr[0]      L  [  0  ].  Add  (  arr  [  0  ]);      // Start from index 1      for  (  int     i     =     1  ;     i      <     arr  .  Count  ;     i  ++  )         {          // For every j less than i      for  (  int     j     =     0  ;     j      <     i  ;     j  ++  )      {          // L[i] = {MaxSum(L[j])} + arr[i] where j  < i      // and arr[j].finish  <= arr[i].start      if     ((  arr  [  j  ].  finish      <=     arr  [  i  ].  start  )     &&      (  FindSum  (  L  [  j  ])     >     FindSum  (  L  [  i  ])))      {      List   <  Job  >     copied     =     new     List   <  Job  >  (      L  [  j  ]);      L  [  i  ]     =     copied  ;      }      }      L  [  i  ].  Add  (  arr  [  i  ]);      }      List   <  Job  >     maxChain     =     new     List   <  Job  >  ();      // Find one with max profit      for  (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     L  .  Count  ;     i  ++  )      if     (  FindSum  (  L  [  i  ])     >     FindSum  (  maxChain  ))      maxChain     =     L  [  i  ];      for  (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     maxChain  .  Count  ;     i  ++  )         {      Console  .  WriteLine  (  '({0} {1} {2})'           maxChain  [  i  ].  start           maxChain  [  i  ].  finish        maxChain  [  i  ].  profit  );      }      }      // Driver code      public     static     void     Main  (  String  []     args  )      {      Job  []     a     =     {     new     Job  (  3       10       20  )         new     Job  (  1       2       50  )      new     Job  (  6       19       100  )      new     Job  (  2       100       200  )     };      List   <  Job  >     arr     =     new     List   <  Job  >  (  a  );      FindMaxProfit  (  arr  );      }   }   
JavaScript
   // JavaScript program for weighted job scheduling using LIS   // A job has start time finish time and profit.   function     Job  (  start       finish       profit  )     {      this  .  start     =     start  ;      this  .  finish     =     finish  ;      this  .  profit     =     profit  ;   }   // Utility function to calculate sum of all vector   // elements   function     findSum  (  arr  )     {      let     sum     =     0  ;      for     (  let     i     =     0  ;     i      <     arr  .  length  ;     i  ++  )     {      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ].  profit  ;      }      return     sum  ;   }   // comparator function for sort function   function     compare  (  x       y  )     {      return     x  .  start      <     y  .  start  ;   }   // The main function that finds the maximum possible   // profit from given array of jobs   function     findMaxProfit  (  arr  )     {      // Sort arr[] by start time.      arr  .  sort  (  compare  );      // L[i] stores Weighted Job Scheduling of      // job[0..i] that ends with job[i]      let     L     =     new     Array  (  arr  .  length  ).  fill  ([]);      // L[0] is equal to arr[0]      L  [  0  ]     =     [  arr  [  0  ]];      // start from index 1      for     (  let     i     =     1  ;     i      <     arr  .  length  ;     i  ++  )     {      // for every j less than i      for     (  let     j     =     0  ;     j      <     i  ;     j  ++  )     {      // L[i] = {MaxSum(L[j])} + arr[i] where j  < i      // and arr[j].finish  <= arr[i].start      if     (  arr  [  j  ].  finish      <=     arr  [  i  ].  start     &&     findSum  (  L  [  j  ])     >     findSum  (  L  [  i  ]))     {      L  [  i  ]     =     L  [  j  ];      }      }      L  [  i  ].  push  (  arr  [  i  ]);      }      let     maxChain     =     [];      // find one with max profit      for     (  let     i     =     0  ;     i      <     L  .  length  ;     i  ++  )     {      if     (  findSum  (  L  [  i  ])     >     findSum  (  maxChain  ))     {      maxChain     =     L  [  i  ];      }      }      for     (  let     i     =     0  ;     i      <     maxChain  .  length  ;     i  ++  )     {      console  .  log  (      '('     +      maxChain  [  i  ].  start     +      ' '     +      maxChain  [  i  ].  finish     +      ' '     +      maxChain  [  i  ].  profit     +      ') '      );      }   }   // Driver Function   let     a     =     [      new     Job  (  3       10       20  )      new     Job  (  1       2       50  )      new     Job  (  2       100       200  )   ];   findMaxProfit  (  a  );   

תְפוּקָה
(1 2 50) (2 100 200)  


אנו יכולים לייעל עוד יותר את פתרון ה-DP לעיל על ידי הסרת הפונקציה findSum() . במקום זאת נוכל לשמור על וקטור/מערך אחר כדי לאחסן סכום של רווח מקסימלי אפשרי עד לעבודה i.

מורכבות הזמן מהפתרון הנ"ל לתכנות דינמי הוא O(n 2 ) כאשר n הוא מספר המשרות. 
חלל עזר בשימוש התוכנית הוא O(n 2 ).