Summe des Durchschnitts aller Teilmengen

Summe des Durchschnitts aller Teilmengen
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Bei einem Array arr[] mit N ganzzahligen Elementen besteht die Aufgabe darin, die Summe des Durchschnitts aller Teilmengen dieses Arrays zu ermitteln.

Beispiel:   

 Input : arr[] = [2 3 5]   
Output : 23.33
Explanation : Subsets with their average are
[2] average = 2/1 = 2
[3] average = 3/1 = 3
[5] average = 5/1 = 5
[2 3] average = (2+3)/2 = 2.5
[2 5] average = (2+5)/2 = 3.5
[3 5] average = (3+5)/2 = 4
[2 3 5] average = (2+3+5)/3 = 3.33
Sum of average of all subset is
2 + 3 + 5 + 2.5 + 3.5 + 4 + 3.33 = 23.33 Recommended Practice Summe des Durchschnitts aller Teilmengen Probieren Sie es aus!

Naiver Ansatz: Eine naive Lösung besteht darin, alle möglichen Teilmengen zu durchlaufen und eine zu erhalten Durchschnitt von allen und fügen Sie sie dann einzeln hinzu, aber das wird exponentiell Zeit in Anspruch nehmen und ist für größere Arrays nicht durchführbar. 
Wir können ein Muster erkennen, indem wir ein Beispiel nehmen  

 arr = [a0 a1 a2 a3]   
sum of average =
a0/1 + a1/1 + a2/2 + a3/1 +
(a0+a1)/2 + (a0+a2)/2 + (a0+a3)/2 + (a1+a2)/2 +
(a1+a3)/2 + (a2+a3)/2 +
(a0+a1+a2)/3 + (a0+a2+a3)/3 + (a0+a1+a3)/3 +
(a1+a2+a3)/3 +
(a0+a1+a2+a3)/4
If S = (a0+a1+a2+a3) then above expression
can be rearranged as below
sum of average = (S)/1 + (3*S)/2 + (3*S)/3 + (S)/4

Der Koeffizient mit Zählern kann wie folgt erklärt werden. Angenommen, wir iterieren über Teilmengen mit K Elementen, dann ist der Nenner K und der Zähler r*S, wobei „r“ angibt, wie oft ein bestimmtes Array-Element hinzugefügt wird, während über Teilmengen derselben Größe iteriert wird. Bei näherer Betrachtung können wir sehen, dass r nCr(N - 1 n - 1) sein wird, da wir nach der Platzierung eines Elements in der Summation (n – 1) Elemente aus (N – 1) Elementen auswählen müssen, damit jedes Element eine Häufigkeit von nCr(N – 1 n – 1) hat. Dabei werden Teilmengen gleicher Größe berücksichtigt, da alle Elemente gleich oft an der Summierung teilnehmen. Dies ergibt auch die Häufigkeit von S und ist der Zähler im endgültigen Ausdruck. 

Im folgenden Code nCr wird mithilfe einer dynamischen Programmiermethode implementiert Mehr dazu können Sie hier lesen 

C++
   // C++ program to get sum of average of all subsets   #include          using     namespace     std  ;   // Returns value of Binomial Coefficient C(n k)   int     nCr  (  int     n       int     k  )   {      int     C  [  n     +     1  ][  k     +     1  ];      int     i       j  ;      // Calculate value of Binomial Coefficient in bottom      // up manner      for     (  i     =     0  ;     i      <=     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      for     (  j     =     0  ;     j      <=     min  (  i       k  );     j  ++  )     {      // Base Cases      if     (  j     ==     0     ||     j     ==     i  )      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     1  ;      // Calculate value using previously stored      // values      else      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     C  [  i     -     1  ][  j     -     1  ]     +     C  [  i     -     1  ][  j  ];      }      }      return     C  [  n  ][  k  ];   }   // method returns sum of average of all subsets   double     resultOfAllSubsets  (  int     arr  []     int     N  )   {      double     result     =     0.0  ;     // Initialize result      // Find sum of elements      int     sum     =     0  ;      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ];      // looping once for all subset of same size      for     (  int     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )      /* each element occurs nCr(N-1 n-1) times while    considering subset of size n */      result     +=     (  double  )(  sum     *     (  nCr  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  )))     /     n  ;      return     result  ;   }   // Driver code to test above methods   int     main  ()   {      int     arr  []     =     {     2       3       5       7     };      int     N     =     sizeof  (  arr  )     /     sizeof  (  int  );      cout      < <     resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  )      < <     endl  ;      return     0  ;   }   
Java
   // java program to get sum of   // average of all subsets   import     java.io.*  ;   class   GFG     {      // Returns value of Binomial      // Coefficient C(n k)      static     int     nCr  (  int     n       int     k  )      {      int     C  [][]     =     new     int  [  n     +     1  ][  k     +     1  ]  ;      int     i       j  ;      // Calculate value of Binomial      // Coefficient in bottom up manner      for     (  i     =     0  ;     i      <=     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      for     (  j     =     0  ;     j      <=     Math  .  min  (  i       k  );     j  ++  )     {      // Base Cases      if     (  j     ==     0     ||     j     ==     i  )      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     1  ;      // Calculate value using      // previously stored values      else      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     C  [  i     -     1  ][  j     -     1  ]     +     C  [  i     -     1  ][  j  ]  ;      }      }      return     C  [  n  ][  k  ]  ;      }      // method returns sum of average of all subsets      static     double     resultOfAllSubsets  (  int     arr  []       int     N  )      {      // Initialize result      double     result     =     0.0  ;      // Find sum of elements      int     sum     =     0  ;      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ]  ;      // looping once for all subset of same size      for     (  int     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )      /* each element occurs nCr(N-1 n-1) times while    considering subset of size n */      result     +=     (  double  )(  sum     *     (  nCr  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  )))     /     n  ;      return     result  ;      }      // Driver code to test above methods      public     static     void     main  (  String  []     args  )      {      int     arr  []     =     {     2       3       5       7     };      int     N     =     arr  .  length  ;      System  .  out  .  println  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  ));      }   }   // This code is contributed by vt_m   
C#
   // C# program to get sum of   // average of all subsets   using     System  ;   class     GFG     {          // Returns value of Binomial      // Coefficient C(n k)      static     int     nCr  (  int     n       int     k  )      {      int  [     ]     C     =     new     int  [  n     +     1       k     +     1  ];      int     i       j  ;      // Calculate value of Binomial      // Coefficient in bottom up manner      for     (  i     =     0  ;     i      <=     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      for     (  j     =     0  ;     j      <=     Math  .  Min  (  i       k  );     j  ++  )         {      // Base Cases      if     (  j     ==     0     ||     j     ==     i  )      C  [  i       j  ]     =     1  ;      // Calculate value using      // previously stored values      else      C  [  i       j  ]     =     C  [  i     -     1       j     -     1  ]     +     C  [  i     -     1       j  ];      }      }      return     C  [  n       k  ];      }      // method returns sum of average       // of all subsets      static     double     resultOfAllSubsets  (  int  []     arr       int     N  )      {      // Initialize result      double     result     =     0.0  ;      // Find sum of elements      int     sum     =     0  ;      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ];      // looping once for all subset       // of same size      for     (  int     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )      /* each element occurs nCr(N-1 n-1) times while    considering subset of size n */      result     +=     (  double  )(  sum     *     (  nCr  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  )))     /     n  ;      return     result  ;      }      // Driver code to test above methods      public     static     void     Main  ()      {      int  []     arr     =     {     2       3       5       7     };      int     N     =     arr  .  Length  ;      Console  .  WriteLine  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  ));      }   }   // This code is contributed by Sam007   
JavaScript
    <  script  >      // javascript program to get sum of      // average of all subsets          // Returns value of Binomial      // Coefficient C(n k)      function     nCr  (  n       k  )      {      let     C     =     new     Array  (  n     +     1  );      for     (  let     i     =     0  ;     i      <=     n  ;     i  ++  )         {      C  [  i  ]     =     new     Array  (  k     +     1  );      for     (  let     j     =     0  ;     j      <=     k  ;     j  ++  )         {      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     0  ;      }      }      let     i       j  ;          // Calculate value of Binomial      // Coefficient in bottom up manner      for     (  i     =     0  ;     i      <=     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      for     (  j     =     0  ;     j      <=     Math  .  min  (  i       k  );     j  ++  )     {      // Base Cases      if     (  j     ==     0     ||     j     ==     i  )      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     1  ;          // Calculate value using      // previously stored values      else      C  [  i  ][  j  ]     =     C  [  i     -     1  ][  j     -     1  ]     +     C  [  i     -     1  ][  j  ];      }      }      return     C  [  n  ][  k  ];      }          // method returns sum of average of all subsets      function     resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  )      {      // Initialize result      let     result     =     0.0  ;          // Find sum of elements      let     sum     =     0  ;      for     (  let     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ];          // looping once for all subset of same size      for     (  let     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )          /* each element occurs nCr(N-1 n-1) times while    considering subset of size n */      result     +=     (  sum     *     (  nCr  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  )))     /     n  ;          return     result  ;      }          let     arr     =     [     2       3       5       7     ];      let     N     =     arr  .  length  ;      document  .  write  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  ));        <  /script>   
PHP
      // PHP program to get sum    // of average of all subsets   // Returns value of Binomial   // Coefficient C(n k)   function   nCr  (  $n     $k  )   {   $C  [  $n   +   1  ][  $k   +   1  ]   =   0  ;   $i  ;   $j  ;   // Calculate value of Binomial   // Coefficient in bottom up manner   for   (  $i   =   0  ;   $i    <=   $n  ;   $i  ++  )   {   for   (  $j   =   0  ;   $j    <=   min  (  $i     $k  );   $j  ++  )   {   // Base Cases   if   (  $j   ==   0   ||   $j   ==   $i  )   $C  [  $i  ][  $j  ]   =   1  ;   // Calculate value using    // previously stored values   else   $C  [  $i  ][  $j  ]   =   $C  [  $i   -   1  ][  $j   -   1  ]   +   $C  [  $i   -   1  ][  $j  ];   }   }   return   $C  [  $n  ][  $k  ];   }   // method returns sum of   // average of all subsets   function   resultOfAllSubsets  (  $arr     $N  )   {   // Initialize result   $result   =   0.0  ;   // Find sum of elements   $sum   =   0  ;   for   (  $i   =   0  ;   $i    <   $N  ;   $i  ++  )   $sum   +=   $arr  [  $i  ];   // looping once for all    // subset of same size   for   (  $n   =   1  ;   $n    <=   $N  ;   $n  ++  )   /* each element occurs nCr(N-1     n-1) times while considering     subset of size n */   $result   +=   ((  $sum   *   (  nCr  (  $N   -   1     $n   -   1  )))   /   $n  );   return   $result  ;   }   // Driver Code   $arr   =   array  (   2     3     5     7   );   $N   =   sizeof  (  $arr  )   /   sizeof  (  $arr  [  0  ]);   echo   resultOfAllSubsets  (  $arr     $N  )   ;   // This code is contributed by nitin mittal.    ?>   
Python3
   # Python3 program to get sum   # of average of all subsets   # Returns value of Binomial   # Coefficient C(n k)   def   nCr  (  n     k  ):   C   =   [[  0   for   i   in   range  (  k   +   1  )]   for   j   in   range  (  n   +   1  )]   # Calculate value of Binomial    # Coefficient in bottom up manner   for   i   in   range  (  n   +   1  ):   for   j   in   range  (  min  (  i     k  )   +   1  ):   # Base Cases   if   (  j   ==   0   or   j   ==   i  ):   C  [  i  ][  j  ]   =   1   # Calculate value using    # previously stored values   else  :   C  [  i  ][  j  ]   =   C  [  i  -  1  ][  j  -  1  ]   +   C  [  i  -  1  ][  j  ]   return   C  [  n  ][  k  ]   # Method returns sum of   # average of all subsets   def   resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr     N  ):   result   =   0.0   # Initialize result   # Find sum of elements   sum   =   0   for   i   in   range  (  N  ):   sum   +=   arr  [  i  ]   # looping once for all subset of same size   for   n   in   range  (  1     N   +   1  ):   # each element occurs nCr(N-1 n-1) times while   # considering subset of size n */   result   +=   (  sum   *   (  nCr  (  N   -   1     n   -   1  )))   /   n   return   result   # Driver code    arr   =   [  2     3     5     7  ]   N   =   len  (  arr  )   print  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr     N  ))   # This code is contributed by Anant Agarwal.   

Ausgabe
63.75 

Zeitkomplexität: An 3 )
Hilfsraum: An 2 )

Effizienter Ansatz: Raumoptimierung O(1)
Um die räumliche Komplexität des oben genannten Ansatzes zu optimieren, können wir einen effizienteren Ansatz verwenden, der die Notwendigkeit der gesamten Matrix vermeidet C[][] um Binomialkoeffizienten zu speichern. Stattdessen können wir bei Bedarf eine Kombinationsformel verwenden, um den Binomialkoeffizienten direkt zu berechnen.

Umsetzungsschritte:

  • Iterieren Sie über die Elemente des Arrays und berechnen Sie die Summe aller Elemente.
  • Iterieren Sie über jede Teilmengengröße von 1 bis N.
  • Berechnen Sie innerhalb der Schleife die Durchschnitt der Summe der Elemente multipliziert mit dem Binomialkoeffizienten für die Teilmengengröße. Addieren Sie den berechneten Durchschnitt zum Ergebnis.
  • Gibt das Endergebnis zurück.

Durchführung:

C++
   #include          using     namespace     std  ;   // Method to calculate binomial coefficient C(n k)   int     binomialCoeff  (  int     n       int     k  )   {      int     res     =     1  ;      // Since C(n k) = C(n n-k)      if     (  k     >     n     -     k  )      k     =     n     -     k  ;      // Calculate value of [n * (n-1) * ... * (n-k+1)] / [k * (k-1) * ... * 1]      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     k  ;     i  ++  )      {      res     *=     (  n     -     i  );      res     /=     (  i     +     1  );      }      return     res  ;   }   // Method to calculate the sum of the average of all subsets   double     resultOfAllSubsets  (  int     arr  []     int     N  )   {      double     result     =     0.0  ;      int     sum     =     0  ;      // Calculate the sum of elements      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ];      // Loop for each subset size      for     (  int     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )      result     +=     (  double  )(  sum     *     binomialCoeff  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  ))     /     n  ;      return     result  ;   }   // Driver code to test the above methods   int     main  ()   {      int     arr  []     =     {     2       3       5       7     };      int     N     =     sizeof  (  arr  )     /     sizeof  (  int  );      cout      < <     resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  )      < <     endl  ;      return     0  ;   }   
Java
   import     java.util.Arrays  ;   public     class   Main     {      // Method to calculate binomial coefficient C(n k)      static     int     binomialCoeff  (  int     n       int     k  )     {      int     res     =     1  ;      // Since C(n k) = C(n n-k)      if     (  k     >     n     -     k  )      k     =     n     -     k  ;      // Calculate value of [n * (n-1) * ... * (n-k+1)] / [k * (k-1) * ... * 1]      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     k  ;     i  ++  )     {      res     *=     (  n     -     i  );      res     /=     (  i     +     1  );      }      return     res  ;      }      // Method to calculate the sum of the average of all subsets      static     double     resultOfAllSubsets  (  int     arr  []       int     N  )     {      double     result     =     0.0  ;      int     sum     =     0  ;      // Calculate the sum of elements      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sum     +=     arr  [  i  ]  ;      // Loop for each subset size      for     (  int     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )      result     +=     (  double  )     (  sum     *     binomialCoeff  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  ))     /     n  ;      return     result  ;      }      // Driver code to test the above methods      public     static     void     main  (  String  []     args  )     {      int     arr  []     =     {  2       3       5       7  };      int     N     =     arr  .  length  ;      System  .  out  .  println  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  ));      }   }   
C#
   using     System  ;   public     class     MainClass   {      // Method to calculate binomial coefficient C(n k)      static     int     BinomialCoeff  (  int     n       int     k  )      {      int     res     =     1  ;      // Since C(n k) = C(n n-k)      if     (  k     >     n     -     k  )      k     =     n     -     k  ;      // Calculate value of [n * (n-1) * ... * (n-k+1)] / [k * (k-1) * ... * 1]      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     k  ;     i  ++  )      {      res     *=     (  n     -     i  );      res     /=     (  i     +     1  );      }      return     res  ;      }      // Method to calculate the sum of the average of all subsets      static     double     ResultOfAllSubsets  (  int  []     arr       int     N  )      {      double     result     =     0.0  ;      int     sumVal     =     0  ;      // Calculate the sum of elements      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     N  ;     i  ++  )      sumVal     +=     arr  [  i  ];      // Loop for each subset size      for     (  int     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     N  ;     n  ++  )      result     +=     (  double  )(  sumVal     *     BinomialCoeff  (  N     -     1       n     -     1  ))     /     n  ;      return     result  ;      }      // Driver code to test the above methods      public     static     void     Main  ()      {      int  []     arr     =     {     2       3       5       7     };      int     N     =     arr  .  Length  ;      Console  .  WriteLine  (  ResultOfAllSubsets  (  arr       N  ));      }   }   
JavaScript
   // Function to calculate binomial coefficient C(n k)   function     binomialCoeff  (  n       k  )     {      let     res     =     1  ;      // Since C(n k) = C(n n-k)      if     (  k     >     n     -     k  )      k     =     n     -     k  ;      // Calculate value of [n * (n-1) * ... * (n-k+1)] / [k * (k-1) * ... * 1]      for     (  let     i     =     0  ;     i      <     k  ;     i  ++  )     {      res     *=     (  n     -     i  );      res     /=     (  i     +     1  );      }      return     res  ;   }   // Function to calculate the sum of the average of all subsets   function     resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr  )     {      let     result     =     0.0  ;      let     sum     =     arr  .  reduce  ((  acc       val  )     =>     acc     +     val       0  );      // Loop for each subset size      for     (  let     n     =     1  ;     n      <=     arr  .  length  ;     n  ++  )     {      result     +=     (  sum     *     binomialCoeff  (  arr  .  length     -     1       n     -     1  ))     /     n  ;      }      return     result  ;   }   const     arr     =     [  2       3       5       7  ];   console  .  log  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr  ));   
Python3
   # Method to calculate binomial coefficient C(n k)   def   binomialCoeff  (  n     k  ):   res   =   1   # Since C(n k) = C(n n-k)   if   k   >   n   -   k  :   k   =   n   -   k   # Calculate value of [n * (n-1) * ... * (n-k+1)] / [k * (k-1) * ... * 1]   for   i   in   range  (  k  ):   res   *=   (  n   -   i  )   res   //=   (  i   +   1  )   return   res   # Method to calculate the sum of the average of all subsets   def   resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr     N  ):   result   =   0.0   sum_val   =   0   # Calculate the sum of elements   for   i   in   range  (  N  ):   sum_val   +=   arr  [  i  ]   # Loop for each subset size   for   n   in   range  (  1     N   +   1  ):   result   +=   (  sum_val   *   binomialCoeff  (  N   -   1     n   -   1  ))   /   n   return   result   # Driver code to test the above methods   arr   =   [  2     3     5     7  ]   N   =   len  (  arr  )   print  (  resultOfAllSubsets  (  arr     N  ))   


Ausgabe

 63.75  

Zeitkomplexität: O(n^2)
Hilfsraum: O(1)



 

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