DELO Z DATOTEKAMI ZIP V PYTHONU

Ta članek pojasnjuje, kako lahko izvajate različne operacije na datoteki zip s preprostim programom python. Kaj je datoteka zip? ZIP je format arhivske datoteke, ki podpira stiskanje podatkov brez izgub. S stiskanjem brez izgub mislimo, da algoritem stiskanja omogoča popolno rekonstrukcijo izvirnih podatkov iz stisnjenih podatkov. Datoteka ZIP je torej ena sama datoteka, ki vsebuje eno ali več stisnjenih datotek in ponuja idealen način za pomanjšanje velikih datotek in shranjevanje povezanih datotek skupaj. Zakaj potrebujemo datoteke zip?

Za zmanjšanje zahtev glede shranjevanja.
Za izboljšanje hitrosti prenosa prek standardnih povezav.

Za delo z datotekami zip z uporabo pythona bomo uporabili vgrajen modul python, imenovan zipfile .

1. Ekstrahiranje datoteke zip

Python

    # importing required modules   from   zipfile   import   ZipFile   # specifying the zip file name   file_name   =   'my_python_files.zip'   # opening the zip file in READ mode   with   ZipFile  (  file_name     'r'  )   as   zip  :   # printing all the contents of the zip file   zip  .  printdir  ()   # extracting all the files   print  (  'Extracting all the files now...'  )   zip  .  extractall  ()   print  (  'Done!'  )

The above program extracts a zip file named 'my_python_files.zip' in the same directory as of this python script. The output of above program may look like this: Delo z datotekami zip v Pythonu

Poskusimo razumeti zgornjo kodo po delih:

```
from zipfile import ZipFile 
```
ZipFile is a class of zipfile module for reading and writing zip files. Here we import only class ZipFile from zipfile module.
```
with ZipFile(file_name 'r') as zip: 
```
Here a ZipFile object is made by calling ZipFile constructor which accepts zip file name and mode parameters. We create a ZipFile object in PREBERI način in ga poimenujte kot zip .
```
zip.printdir() 
```
printdir() metoda natisne kazalo vsebine za arhiv.
```
zip.extractall() 
```
izvleček() bo ekstrahirala vso vsebino datoteke zip v trenutni delovni imenik. Lahko tudi pokličete ekstrakt () method to extract any file by specifying its path in the zip file. For example:
```
zip.extract('python_files/python_wiki.txt') 
```
This will extract only the specified file. If you want to read some specific file you can go like this:
```
data = zip.read(name_of_file_to_read) 
```

2. Zapisovanje v datoteko zip

Razmislite o imeniku (mapi) s takšno obliko: Delo z datotekami zip v Pythonu

Here we will need to crawl the whole directory and its sub-directories in order to get a list of all file paths before writing them to a zip file. The following program does this by crawling the directory to be zipped: Python

    # importing required modules   from   zipfile   import   ZipFile   import   os   def   get_all_file_paths  (  directory  ):   # initializing empty file paths list   file_paths   =   []   # crawling through directory and subdirectories   for   root     directories     files   in   os  .  walk  (  directory  ):   for   filename   in   files  :   # join the two strings in order to form the full filepath.   filepath   =   os  .  path  .  join  (  root     filename  )   file_paths  .  append  (  filepath  )   # returning all file paths   return   file_paths   def   main  ():   # path to folder which needs to be zipped   directory   =   './python_files'   # calling function to get all file paths in the directory   file_paths   =   get_all_file_paths  (  directory  )   # printing the list of all files to be zipped   print  (  'Following files will be zipped:'  )   for   file_name   in   file_paths  :   print  (  file_name  )   # writing files to a zipfile   with   ZipFile  (  'my_python_files.zip'    'w'  )   as   zip  :   # writing each file one by one   for   file   in   file_paths  :   zip  .  write  (  file  )   print  (  'All files zipped successfully!'  )   if   __name__   ==   '__main__'  :   main  ()

The output of above program looks like this: Delo z datotekami zip v Pythonu

Poskusimo razumeti zgornjo kodo tako, da jo razdelimo na fragmente:

```
def get_all_file_paths(directory): file_paths = [] for root directories files in os.walk(directory): for filename in files: filepath = os.path.join(root filename) file_paths.append(filepath) return file_paths 
```
First of all to get all file paths in our directory we have created this function which uses the os.walk() metoda. V vsaki ponovitvi so vse datoteke v tem imeniku dodane seznamu, ki se imenuje poti_datotek . Na koncu vrnemo vse poti datotek.
```
file_paths = get_all_file_paths(directory) 
```
Here we pass the directory to be zipped to the get_all_file_paths() in pridobite seznam z vsemi potmi datotek.
```
with ZipFile('my_python_files.zip''w') as zip: 
```
Here we create a ZipFile object in WRITE mode this time.
```
for file in file_paths: zip.write(file) 
```
Here we write all the files to the zip file one by one using pisati metoda.

3. Pridobivanje vseh informacij o datoteki zip

Python

    # importing required modules   from   zipfile   import   ZipFile   import   datetime   # specifying the zip file name   file_name   =   'example.zip'   # opening the zip file in READ mode   with   ZipFile  (  file_name     'r'  )   as   zip  :   for   info   in   zip  .  infolist  ():   print  (  info  .  filename  )   print  (  '  t  Modified:  t  '   +   str  (  datetime  .  datetime  (  *  info  .  date_time  )))   print  (  '  t  System:  tt  '   +   str  (  info  .  create_system  )   +   '(0 = Windows 3 = Unix)'  )   print  (  '  t  ZIP version:  t  '   +   str  (  info  .  create_version  ))   print  (  '  t  Compressed:  t  '   +   str  (  info  .  compress_size  )   +   ' bytes'  )   print  (  '  t  Uncompressed:  t  '   +   str  (  info  .  file_size  )   +   ' bytes'  )

The output of above program may look like this:

for info in zip.infolist():

Here infolist() metoda ustvari primerek ZipInfo razred, ki vsebuje vse informacije o datoteki zip. Dostopamo lahko do vseh informacij, kot je datum zadnje spremembe datotek sistem imen datotek, na katerem so bile datoteke ustvarjene, velikost različice Zip datotek v stisnjeni in nestisnjeni obliki itd. Ta članek je prispeval Nikhil Kumar . Ustvari kviz