Java.lang.Number Trieda v jazyku Java
Väčšinu času pri práci s číslami v jave používame primitívne dátové typy . Java však poskytuje aj rôzne číselné údaje obal podtriedy pod abstraktnou triedou Číslo prítomné v java.lang balík. Existujú hlavne šesť podtriedy pod triedou čísel. Tieto podtriedy definujú niektoré užitočné metódy, ktoré sa často používajú pri práci s číslami.
Tieto triedy „zabalia“ primitívny dátový typ do zodpovedajúceho objektu. Balenie často vykonáva kompilátor. Ak použijete primitívum tam, kde sa očakáva objekt, kompilátor za vás zabalí primitívum do svojej obalovej triedy. Podobne, ak použijete objekt Number, keď sa očakáva primitívum, kompilátor rozbalí objekt za vás. Toto sa tiež nazýva Autoboxing a Unboxing.
Prečo používať objekt triedy Number pred primitívnymi údajmi?
- Konštanty definované triedou čísel, ako napríklad MIN_VALUE a MAX_VALUE, ktoré poskytujú hornú a dolnú hranicu typu údajov, sú veľmi užitočné.
- Objekt triedy čísel možno použiť ako argument metódy, ktorá očakáva objekt (často sa používa pri manipulácii s kolekciami čísel).
- Metódy tried možno použiť na prevod hodnôt do az iných primitívnych typov na prevod do az reťazcov a na prevod medzi číselnými sústavami (desatinná osmičková hexadecimálna binárna sústava).
Metódy spoločné pre všetky podtriedy čísla:
Syntax : byte byteValue() short shortValue() int intValue() long longValue() float floatValue() double doubleValue() Parameters : ---- Returns : the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to specified type
//Java program to demonstrate xxxValue() method public class Test { public static void main ( String [] args ) { // Creating a Double Class object with value '6.9685' Double d = new Double ( '6.9685' ); // Converting this Double(Number) object to // different primitive data types byte b = d . byteValue (); short s = d . shortValue (); int i = d . intValue (); long l = d . longValue (); float f = d . floatValue (); double d1 = d . doubleValue (); System . out . println ( 'value of d after converting it to byte : ' + b ); System . out . println ( 'value of d after converting it to short : ' + s ); System . out . println ( 'value of d after converting it to int : ' + i ); System . out . println ( 'value of d after converting it to long : ' + l ); System . out . println ( 'value of d after converting it to float : ' + f ); System . out . println ( 'value of d after converting it to double : ' + d1 ); } }
výstup:
value of d after converting it to byte : 6 value of d after converting it to short : 6 value of d after converting it to int : 6 value of d after converting it to long : 6 value of d after converting it to float : 6.9685 value of d after converting it to double : 6.9685
Poznámka : Pri konverzii môže dôjsť k strate presnosti. Napríklad, ako vidíme, časť zlomku ('.9685') bola vynechaná pri konverzii z objektu Double na typ údajov int.
Syntax : public int compareTo( NumberSubClass referenceName ) Parameters : referenceName - any NumberSubClass type value Returns : the value 0 if the Number is equal to the argument. the value 1 if the Number is less than the argument. the value -1 if the Number is greater than the argument.
//Java program to demonstrate compareTo() method public class Test { public static void main ( String [] args ) { // creating an Integer Class object with value '10' Integer i = new Integer ( '10' ); // comparing value of i System . out . println ( i . compareTo ( 7 )); System . out . println ( i . compareTo ( 11 )); System . out . println ( i . compareTo ( 10 )); } }
výstup:
1 -1 0
Syntax : public boolean equals(Object obj) Parameters : obj - any object Returns : The method returns true if the argument is not null and is an object of the same type and with the same numeric value otherwise false.
//Java program to demonstrate equals() method public class Test { public static void main ( String [] args ) { // creating a Short Class object with value '15' Short s = new Short ( '15' ); // creating a Short Class object with value '10' Short x = 10 ; // creating an Integer Class object with value '15' Integer y = 15 ; // creating another Short Class object with value '15' Short z = 15 ; //comparing s with other objects System . out . println ( s . equals ( x )); System . out . println ( s . equals ( y )); System . out . println ( s . equals ( z )); } }
výstup:
false false true
Syntax : static int parseInt(String s int radix) Parameters : s - any String representation of decimal radix - any radix value Returns : the integer value represented by the argument in decimal. Throws : NumberFormatException : if the string does not contain a parsable integer.
//Java program to demonstrate Integer.parseInt() method public class Test { public static void main ( String [] args ) { // parsing different strings int z = Integer . parseInt ( '654' 8 ); int a = Integer . parseInt ( '-FF' 16 ); long l = Long . parseLong ( '2158611234' 10 ); System . out . println ( z ); System . out . println ( a ); System . out . println ( l ); // run-time NumberFormatException will occur here // 'Geeks' is not a parsable string int x = Integer . parseInt ( 'Geeks' 8 ); // run-time NumberFormatException will occur here // (for octal(8)allowed digits are [0-7]) int y = Integer . parseInt ( '99' 8 ); } }
výstup:
428 -255 2158611234 Exception in thread 'main' java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: 'Geeks' at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65) at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:580) at Test.main(Test.java:17)
Syntax : static int parseInt(String s) Parameters : s - any String representation of decimal Returns : the integer value represented by the argument in decimal. Throws : NumberFormatException : if the string does not contain a parsable integer.
//Java program to demonstrate Integer.parseInt() method public class Test { public static void main ( String [] args ) { // parsing different strings int z = Integer . parseInt ( '654' ); long l = Long . parseLong ( '2158611234' ); System . out . println ( z ); System . out . println ( l ); // run-time NumberFormatException will occur here // 'Geeks' is not a parsable string int x = Integer . parseInt ( 'Geeks' ); // run-time NumberFormatException will occur here // (for decimal(10)allowed digits are [0-9]) int a = Integer . parseInt ( '-FF' ); } }
výstup:
654 2158611234 Exception in thread 'main' java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: 'Geeks' at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65) at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:580) at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:615) at Test.main(Test.java:15)
Syntax : String toString() String toString(int i) Parameters : String toString() - no parameter String toString(int i) - i: any integer value Returns : String toString() - returns a String object representing the value of the Number object on which it is invoked. String toString(int i) - returns a decimal String object representing the specified integer(i)Java
//Java program to demonstrate Integer.toString() //and Integer.toString(int i) method public class Test { public static void main ( String [] args ) { // demonstrating toString() method Integer x = 12 ; System . out . println ( x . toString ()); // demonstrating toString(int i) method System . out . println ( Integer . toString ( 12 )); System . out . println ( Integer . toBinaryString ( 152 )); System . out . println ( Integer . toHexString ( 152 )); System . out . println ( Integer . toOctalString ( 152 )); } }
výstup:
12 12 10011000 98 230
Syntax : Integer valueOf(int i) Integer valueOf(String s) Integer valueOf(String s int radix) Parameters : i - any integer value s - any String representation of decimal radix - any radix value Returns : valueOf(int i) : an Integer object holding the valuerepresented by the int argument. valueOf(String s) : an Integer object holding value represented by the string argument. valueOf(String s int radix) : an Integer object holding the value represented by the string argument with base radix. Throws : valueOf(String s) - NumberFormatException : if the string does not contain a parsable integer. valueOf(String s int radix) - NumberFormatException : if the string does not contain a parsable integer.
// Java program to demonstrate valueOf() method public class Test { public static void main ( String [] args ) { // demonstrating valueOf(int i) method System . out . println ( 'Demonstrating valueOf(int i) method' ); Integer i = Integer . valueOf ( 50 ); Double d = Double . valueOf ( 9.36 ); System . out . println ( i ); System . out . println ( d ); // demonstrating valueOf(String s) method System . out . println ( 'Demonstrating valueOf(String s) method' ); Integer n = Integer . valueOf ( '333' ); Integer m = Integer . valueOf ( '-255' ); System . out . println ( n ); System . out . println ( m ); // demonstrating valueOf(String sint radix) method System . out . println ( 'Demonstrating (String sint radix) method' ); Integer y = Integer . valueOf ( '333' 8 ); Integer x = Integer . valueOf ( '-255' 16 ); Long l = Long . valueOf ( '51688245' 16 ); System . out . println ( y ); System . out . println ( x ); System . out . println ( l ); // run-time NumberFormatException will occur in below cases Integer a = Integer . valueOf ( 'Geeks' ); Integer b = Integer . valueOf ( 'Geeks' 16 ); } }
výstup:
Demonstrating valueOf(int i) method 50 9.36 Demonstrating valueOf(String s) method 333 -255 Demonstrating (String sint radix) method 219 -597 1365803589 Exception in thread 'main' java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: 'Geeks' at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65) at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:580) at java.lang.Integer.valueOf(Integer.java:766) at Test.main(Test.java:28)
Cvičná otázka:
Aký je výstup daného java kódu?
public class Test { public static void main ( String [] args ) { Integer i = Integer . parseInt ( 'Kona' 27 ); System . out . println ( i ); } }
Možnosti :
A) NumberFormatException at run-time B) NumberFormatException at compile-time C) 411787
odpoveď:
C) 411787
vysvetlenie:
Keďže radix je 27, povolené znaky v reťazcovom literáli sú [0-9][A-Q] (pre 10 až 26). Takže jeho hodnota sa vypočíta takto:
=> a*(27^0) + n*(27^1) + o*(27^2) + k*(27^3)
=> 10*1 + 23*27 + 24*27*27 + 20*27*27*27
=> 10 + 621 + 17496 + 393660
=> 411787