XHTML sau Limbajul de marcare hipertext extensibil este un amestec de HTML și XML, foarte asemănător cu HTML dar mai stricte. Este ca un cadru de reguli pentru a crea pagini web pe care browserele le înțeleg cu ușurință. Spre deosebire de HTML, trebuie să fii atent și să urmezi întocmai regulile. Majoritatea browserelor îl acceptă. Gândiți-vă la asta ca la o modalitate mai precisă de a scrie cod web.
Cuprins
Istorie
A fost dezvoltat de World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) și îi ajută pe dezvoltatorii web să treacă de la HTML la XML. Cu XHTML, dezvoltatorii pot intra în lumea XML cu toate caracteristicile sale, asigurând în același timp compatibilitatea anterioară și viitoare a conținutului. Familia XHTML include trei tipuri de documente; primul este XHTML 1.0, care a fost recomandat de W3C pe 26 ianuarie 2000. Al doilea este XHTML 1.1, care a fost recomandat de W3C pe 31 mai 2001.
Al treilea este XHTML5, un standard folosit pentru dezvoltarea unei adaptări XML a specificației HTML5. Un document XHTML trebuie să aibă o declarație XHTML.
Elemente ale XHTML:
| Element XHTML | Descriere |
> | Folosit pentru a declara definiția tipului de document (DTD), specificând regulile pentru limbajul de marcare, asigurând randarea corectă în browsere. |
> | Include întregul document HTML sau XHTML, servind ca element rădăcină. |
> | Conține metainformații despre document, cum ar fi titlul, setul de caractere, foile de stil legate și alte elemente esențiale. |
> | Imbricat în secțiunea de cap, specifică titlul documentului, afișat în bara de titlu sau fila browserului. |
> | Include conținutul paginii web, inclusiv text, imagini, link-uri și alte elemente HTML. Reprezintă partea vizibilă a documentului afișată în browser. |
La crearea unei pagini web XHTML, este necesar să includeți o declarație DTD (Document Type Definition). Există trei tipuri de DTD care sunt discutate mai jos:
DTD de tranziție:
Este acceptat de browserele mai vechi care nu au suport pentru foi de stil în cascadă încorporate. În eticheta body sunt incluse mai multe atribute care nu sunt permise în DTD strict.
Sintaxă:
PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN' 'DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd'>>>> Exemplu: În acest exemplu vom vedea codul pentru scrierea unui document XHTML cu un exemplu.
html
xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> DTD de tranziție XHTMLtitle> head> <body bgcolor='#dae1ed'> <div>font-weight:bold;text-align:center; margin-bottom:-25px;'>techcodeview.comdiv> <p style='text-align:center;font-size:20px;'>Un portal de informaticăp> <p style='text-align:center;font-size:20px;'>Opțiunea de a alege luna: <select name='month'> <option selected='selected'>Opțiunea ianuarie> <option>Opțiunea februarie> <option>Marchoption> <option>Aprilopțiune> <option>Mayoption> <option>Juneoption> <option>Opțiune iulie> <option>Augusyoption> <option>opțiunea septembrie> <option>Opțiune octombrie> <option>Opțiune noiembrie> <option>Decembrieoption> select> p> body> html>>> </code> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <i id='output-icon' title='Output'> </i> <p> </p> <tag data-text-3=' </pre> <p> </p> <i id='copy-url-button' title='Copy Generated Ide URL'> </i> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Ieșire: </strong> </b> </p> <p> <img src='//techcodeview.com/img/html-xml/79/xhtml-introduction.webp' alt='tranzițional dtd xhtml'> <span> </span> </p> <h2 id='strict-dtd'> <b> <strong>DTD strict: </strong> </b> <span> </span> </h2> <p dir='ltr'> <span>DTD strict este utilizat atunci când pagina XHTML conține doar limbaj de marcare. DTD strict este folosit împreună cu foile de stil în cascadă, deoarece acest atribut nu permite proprietatea CSS în eticheta body. </span> </p> <h3> <b> <strong>Sintaxă: </strong> </b> </h3> <pre> PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN' 'DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>>>> </tag> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Exemplul 2: </strong> </b> <span>În acest exemplu vom vedea codul pentru scrierea unui document XHTML cu un exemplu pentru DTD strict. </span> </p> <h2>html </h2> <i id='copy-code-button' title='Copy Code'> </i> <p> </p> <p> <i id='run-and-edit-button' title='Edit Code' lang='xml'> </i> <br> </p> <p> <i id='run-code-button' lang='xml' title='Run Code and See Output'> </i> </p> <p> <i id='generate-url-and-run-button' title='Run Code and Generate IDE URL' lang='xml'> </i> <br> <i title='Dark Mode'> </i> <br> <i id='edit-on-ide-button' title='Edit on IDE' lang='xml'> </i> </p> <p> </p> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <code>xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <html xmlns=' http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml ' xml:lang='en' lang='en'> <head> <title>Strict DTD XHTMLtitle> head> <body> <div>font-weight:bold;text-align:center; margin-bottom:-25px;'>techcodeview.comdiv> <p style='text-align:center;font-size:20px;'>Un portal de informaticăp> <p style='text-align:center;font-size:20px;'>Opțiunea de a alege luna: <select name='month'> <option selected='selected'>Opțiunea ianuarie> <option>Opțiunea februarie> <option>Marchoption> <option>Opțiune aprilie> <option>Mayoption> <option>Juneoption> <option>Opțiune iulie> <option>Augusyoption> <option>opțiunea septembrie> <option>Opțiune octombrie> <option>Opțiune noiembrie> <option>Decemberoption> select> p> body> html>>> </code> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <i id='output-icon' title='Output'> </i> <p> </p> <tag data-text-3=' </pre> <p> </p> <i id='copy-url-button' title='Copy Generated Ide URL'> </i> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Ieșire: </strong> </b> </p> <p> <span> </span> <img src='//techcodeview.com/img/html-xml/79/xhtml-introduction-2.webp' alt='strict dtd xhtml'> <span> </span> </p> <h2 id='frameset-dtd'> <b> <strong>DTD cadru: </strong> </b> <span> </span> </h2> <p dir='ltr'> <span>Setul de cadre DTD este utilizat atunci când pagina XHTML conține cadre. Acest DTD este identic cu DTD de tranziție HTML 4.01, cu excepția modelului de conținut al elementului HTML. </span> </p> <h3> <b> <strong>Sintaxă: </strong> </b> </h3> <pre> PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN' 'DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd'>>>> </tag> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Exemplul 2: </strong> </b> <span>În acest exemplu vom vedea codul pentru scrierea unui document XHTML cu un exemplu pentru DTD frameset. </span> </p> <h2>html </h2> <i id='copy-code-button' title='Copy Code'> </i> <p> </p> <p> <i id='run-and-edit-button' title='Edit Code' lang='xml'> </i> <br> </p> <p> <i id='run-code-button' lang='xml' title='Run Code and See Output'> </i> </p> <p> <i id='generate-url-and-run-button' title='Run Code and Generate IDE URL' lang='xml'> </i> <br> <i title='Dark Mode'> </i> <br> <i id='edit-on-ide-button' title='Edit on IDE' lang='xml'> </i> </p> <p> </p> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <code>xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd '> <html xmlns=' http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml ' xml:lang='en' lang='en'> <head> <title>Frameset DTD XHTMLtitle> head> <frameset cols='30%, 20%, *'> <frameset rows='40%, 30%, *'> <frame src='gfg.html' /> <frame src='gfg1.html' /> <frame src='geeks.html' />set de cadre> <frameset rows='40%, 60%'> <frame src='g4g.html' /> <frame src='g4g1.html' />set de cadre> <frameset rows='20%, 20%, 30%, *'> <frame src='geeksforgeeks.html' /> <frame src='geeksforgeeks1.html' /> <frame src='geeksforgeeks2.html' /> <frame src='geeksforgeeks3.html' />set de cadre> set de cadre> html>>> </code> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <i id='output-icon' title='Output'> </i> <p> </p> <tag data-text-3=' </pre> <p> </p> <i id='copy-url-button' title='Copy Generated Ide URL'> </i> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Ieșire: </strong> </b> </p> <h2 id='why-use-xhtml'> <img src='//techcodeview.com/img/html-xml/79/xhtml-introduction-3.webp' alt='set de cadre dtd xhtml'> <b> <strong>De ce să folosiți XHTML? </strong> </b> </h2> <ul> <li value='1'> <span>Documentele XHTML sunt validate cu instrumente XML standard. </span> </li> <li value='2'> <span>Este ușor de întreținut, convertit, editat documentul pe termen lung. </span> </li> <li value='3'> <span>Este folosit pentru a defini standardul de calitate al paginilor web. </span> </li> <li value='4'> <span>XHTML este un standard oficial al W3C, site-ul dvs. devine mai compatibil și mai precis cu multe browsere. </span> </li> </ul> <h2 id='benefits-of-xhtml'> <b> <strong>Avantajele XHTML: </strong> </b> </h2> <ul> <li value='1'> <span>Toate etichetele XHTML trebuie să aibă etichete de închidere și să fie imbricate corect. Acest lucru generează un cod mai curat. </span> </li> <li value='2'> <span>Documentele XHTML sunt slabe, ceea ce înseamnă că folosesc mai puțină lățime de bandă. Acest lucru reduce costurile mai ales dacă site-ul dvs. web are 1000 de pagini. </span> </li> <li value='3'> <span>Documentele XHTML sunt bine formatate, bine formate și pot fi transportate cu ușurință pe dispozitive fără fir, cititoare Braille și alte medii web specializate. </span> </li> <li value='4'> <span>Toate noile dezvoltări vor fi în XML (din care XHTML este o aplicație). </span> </li> <li value='5'> <span>XHTML funcționează în asociere cu CSS pentru a crea pagini web care pot fi actualizate cu ușurință. </span> </li> </ul> <h2 id='difference-between-html-and-xhtml'> <b> <strong>Diferența dintre HTML și XHTML: </strong> </b> </h2> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <th> <span>HTML </span> </th> <th> <span>XHTML </span> </th> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td> <span>HTML sau HyperText Markup Language este principalul limbaj de marcare pentru crearea paginilor web </span> </td> <td> <span>XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language) este o familie de limbaje de marcare XML care oglindesc sau extind versiuni ale limbajului HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) utilizat pe scară largă. </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>Cadru flexibil care necesită un parser specific HTML indulgent </span> </td> <td> <span>Subset restrictiv de XML care trebuie analizat cu parsere XML standard </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>Propus de Tim Berners-Lee în 1987 </span> </td> <td> <span>Recomandarea World Wide Web Consortium din 2000. </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>Aplicarea limbajului de marcare generalizat standard (SGML). </span> </td> <td> <span>Aplicarea XML </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>Extins din SGML. </span> </td> <td> <span>Extins din XML, HTML </span> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br> <br>
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