Selectoarele CSS sunt coloana vertebrală a oricărei pagini web elegante. Acestea vizează elemente HTML din paginile dvs., permițându-vă să adăugați stiluri pe baza id-ului, clasei, tipului, atributului și multe altele. Acest ghid va aprofunda în complexitatea selectoarelor CSS și în rolul lor esențial în îmbunătățirea esteticii și experienței utilizatorului paginilor dvs. web.
Tipuri de selectoare CSS
Selectoarele CSS sunt disponibile în diferite tipuri, fiecare cu modul său unic de a selecta elementele HTML. Să le explorăm:
| Selectoare CSS | Descriere |
| Selectoare simple | Este folosit pentru a selecta elementele HTML pe baza numelui, id-ului, atributelor, etc |
| Selector universal | Selectează toate elementele din pagină. |
| Selector de atribute | Vizează elementele pe baza valorilor atributelor lor. |
| Selector de pseudo-clasă | Selectează elemente în funcție de starea sau poziția lor, cum ar fi :hover> pentru efecte de hover. |
| Selectoare combinatoare | Combinați selectoare pentru a specifica relațiile dintre elemente, cum ar fi descendenții ( > ) sau copil ( >>>> ). |
| Selector de pseudo-element | Selectează anumite părți ale unui element, cum ar fi Tipuri de selectoare CSS Selectoare simple Selector de elemente Selector de id Selector de clasă Selector universal Selector de grup Selector de atribute Selector de pseudo-clasă Selector de pseudo-element Selectoare simple Selectorii simpli conțin clasele de mai jos. | Selector simplu | Descriere | | Selector de elemente | Selectează elementele HTML pe baza numelor lor de etichetă. | | Selector de id | Vizează un element HTML cu un anumit atribut ID. | | Selector de clasă | Selectează elemente cu un anumit atribut de clasă. | Exemplu: În acest exemplu, vom scrie codul pentru a înțelege mai bine selectorii și utilizările lor. HTML Selector CSS titlu> <link rel='stylesheet' href='style.css' />cap> <body> <h1>Titlul eșantionh1> <p>Acesta este conținutul din primul paragrafp> <div id='div-container'>Acesta este un div cu id div-container div> <p>Acesta este un paragraf cu clasa paragraf-clasa p> body> html> </pre> </code> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Notă: </strong> </b> <span>Vom aplica regulile CSS la exemplul de mai sus. </span> </p> <h2 id='element-selector'> <b> <strong>Selector de elemente </strong> </b> </h2> <p dir='ltr'> <span>The </span> <span>selector de elemente </span> <span>selectează elemente HTML pe baza numelui (sau etichetei) elementului, de exemplu p, h1, div, span etc. </span> </p> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>NOTĂ : </strong> </b> <span>Următorul cod este utilizat în exemplul de mai sus. Puteți vedea regulile CSS aplicate tuturor </span> <span> </span> </p> <p> <span>etichete și </span> </p> <h1>Etichete. <p> </p> </h1> <h3> <b> <strong>CSS: </strong> </b> </h3> <pre>h1 { color: red; font-size: 3rem; } p { color: white; background-color: gray; } </pre> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Ieșire: </strong> </b> </p> <img src='//techcodeview.com/img/css-questions/50/css-selectors.webp' alt='CSS-Selector-Element-Exemplu-ieșire'> <p>Ieșire CSS Element Selector </p> <h2 id='id-selector'> <b> <strong>Selector de id </strong> </b> </h2> <p dir='ltr'> <span>The </span> <b> <strong>selector de id </strong> </b> <span>folosește </span> <i> <em>atributul id </em> </i> <span>a unui element HTML pentru a selecta un anumit element. </span> <b> <strong> </strong> </b> <span>Un </span> <b> <strong>id </strong> </b> <span>elementul este unic pe o pagină de utilizat </span> <b> <strong>id-ul </strong> </b> <span>selector. </span> </p> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Notă: </strong> </b> <span>Următorul cod este folosit în exemplul de mai sus folosind selectorul de id. </span> </p> <h3> <b> <strong>CSS: </strong> </b> </h3> <pre>#div-container{ color: blue; background-color: gray; } </pre> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Ieșire: </strong> </b> </p> <img src='//techcodeview.com/img/css-questions/50/css-selectors-2.webp' alt='CSS-Id-selectori-exemplu-ieșire'> <p>Exemplu de ieșire CSS ID Selectori </p> <h2 id='class-selector'> <b> <strong>Selector de clasă </strong> </b> </h2> <p dir='ltr'> <span>The </span> <b> <strong>selector de clasă </strong> </b> <span>selectează elemente HTML cu un anumit atribut de clasă. </span> </p> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Notă: </strong> </b> <span>Următorul cod este folosit în exemplul de mai sus folosind selectorul de clasă. Pentru a utiliza un selector de clasă, trebuie să utilizați ( . ) urmat de numele clasei în CSS. Această regulă va fi aplicată elementului HTML cu atributul class </span> <i> <em>paragraf-clasa </em> </i> <span> </span> </p> <h3> <b> <strong>CSS: </strong> </b> </h3> <pre>.paragraph-class { color:white; font-family: monospace; background-color: purple; } </pre> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Ieșire: </strong> </b> </p> <img src='//techcodeview.com/img/css-questions/50/css-selectors-3.webp' alt='CSS-Class-Selectors-Exemple-Output'> <p>Selector de clasă CSS Exemplu de ieșire </p> <h2 id='universal-selector'> <b> <strong>Selector universal </strong> </b> </h2> <p dir='ltr'> <span>The </span> <span>Selector universal </span> <span>(*) în CSS este folosit pentru a selecta toate elementele dintr-un document HTML. Include și alte elemente care se află în interior sub alt element. </span> </p> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Notă: </strong> </b> <span>Următorul cod este utilizat în exemplul de mai sus folosind selectorul universal. Această regulă CSS va fi aplicată fiecărui element HTML de pe pagină: </span> </p> <h3> <b> <strong>CSS: </strong> </b> </h3> <pre>* { color: white; background-color: black; } </pre> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Ieșire: </strong> </b> </p> <img src='//techcodeview.com/img/css-questions/50/css-selectors-4.webp' alt='CSS-Selector-Universal-Exemplu-Ieșire'> <p>CSS Universal Selector Exemplu de ieșire </p> <h2 id='group-selector'> <b> <strong>Selector de grup </strong> </b> </h2> <p dir='ltr'> <span>The </span> <b> <strong>Selector de grup </strong> </b> <span>este folosit pentru a stila toate elementele separate prin virgulă cu același stil. </span> </p> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Notă: </strong> </b> <span>Să presupunem că doriți să aplicați stiluri comune diferitelor selectoare, în loc să scrieți regulile separat, le puteți scrie în grupuri, așa cum se arată mai jos. </span> </p> <h3> <b> <strong>CSS: </strong> </b> </h3> <pre>#div-container, .paragraph-class, h1{ color: white; background-color: purple; font-family: monospace; } </pre> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Ieșire: </strong> </b> </p> <img src='//techcodeview.com/img/css-questions/50/css-selectors-5.webp' alt='CSS-Selector-Grup-Exemplu-Ieșire'> <p>Selector de grup CSS Exemplu de ieșire </p> <h2 id='attribute-selector'> <b> <strong>Selector de atribute </strong> </b> </h2> <p dir='ltr'> <span>The </span> <b> <strong>selector de atribute </strong> </b> <span>[atribut] este folosit pentru a selecta elementele cu un atribut sau o valoare de atribut specificată. </span> </p> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Notă: </strong> </b> <span>Următorul cod este folosit în exemplul de mai sus folosind selectorul de atribute. Această regulă CSS va fi aplicată fiecărui element HTML de pe pagină: </span> </p> <h3> <b> <strong>CSS: </strong> </b> </h3> <pre>[href] { background-color: lightgreen; color: black; font-family: monospace; font-size: 1rem; } </pre> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Ieșire: </strong> </b> </p> <img src='//techcodeview.com/img/css-questions/50/css-selectors-6.webp' alt='CSS-Atribut-Selectros-Exemplu-Ieșire'> <p>Atribut CSS Selectros Exemplu de ieșire </p> <h2 id='pseudoclass-selector'> <b> <strong>Selector de pseudo-clasă </strong> </b> </h2> <p dir='ltr'> <span>Este folosit pentru a stila un tip special de stare al oricărui element. De exemplu, este folosit pentru a stila un element atunci când cursorul mouse-ului trece peste el. </span> </p> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Notă: </strong> </b> <span>Folosim un singur două puncte(:) în cazul unui </span> <span>Selector de pseudo-clasă </span> <span>. </span> </p> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Sintaxă: </strong> </b> </p> <pre>Selector:Pseudo-Class { Property: Value; } </pre> <h3> <b> <strong>CSS: </strong> </b> </h3> <pre>h1:hover{ background-color: aqua; } </pre> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Ieșire: </strong> </b> </p> <img src='//techcodeview.com/img/css-questions/50/css-selectors.webp' alt='CSS-Pseudo-Selector-Exemplu-Ieșire'> <p>Ieșire exemplu de pseudoselector CSS </p> <h2 id='pseudoelement-selector'> <b> <strong>Selector de pseudo-element </strong> </b> </h2> <p dir='ltr'> <span>Este folosit pentru a stila orice parte specifică a elementului. De exemplu - este folosit pentru a stila prima literă sau prima linie a oricărui element. </span> </p> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Notă: </strong> </b> <span>Folosim două puncte duble(::) în cazul a </span> <span>Selector de pseudo-element </span> <span>. </span> </p> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Sintaxă: </strong> </b> </p> <pre>Selector:Pseudo-Element{ Property:Value; } </pre> <h3> <b> <strong>CSS: </strong> </b> </h3> <pre>p::first-line{ background-color: goldenrod; } </pre> <p dir='ltr'> <b> <strong>Ieșire: </strong> </b> </p> <img src='//techcodeview.com/img/css-questions/50/css-selectors-7.webp' alt='CSS-Pseudo-Element-Selector-Exemplu-Ieșire'> <p>Exemplu de ieșire a selectorului de pseudo-element CSS </p> <p dir='ltr'> <br> </p> <br> <br>
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