Bereik LCM-query's
Gegeven een array arr[] van gehele getallen met de grootte N en een array van Q-query's query[] waarbij elke query van het type [LR] is, dat het bereik van index L tot index R aangeeft, is het de taak om de LCM te vinden van alle getallen van het bereik voor alle query's.
Voorbeelden:
Invoer: arr[] = {5 7 5 2 10 12 11 17 14 1 44}
zoekopdracht[] = {{2 5} {5 10} {0 10}}
Uitgang: 6015708 78540
Uitleg: In de eerste zoekopdracht LCM(5 2 10 12) = 60
In de tweede zoekopdracht LCM(12 11 17 14 1 44) = 15708
In de laatste zoekopdracht LCM(5 7 5 2 10 12 11 17 14 1 44) = 78540Invoer: arr[] = {2 4 8 16} vraag[] = {{2 3} {0 1}}
Uitgang: 16 4
Naïeve aanpak: De aanpak is gebaseerd op het volgende wiskundige idee:
Wiskundig gezien is LCM(l r) = LCM(arr[l] arr[l+1] . . arr[r-1] arr[r]) en
LCM(a b) = (a*b) / GCD(ab)
Doorloop dus de array voor elke zoekopdracht en bereken het antwoord met behulp van de bovenstaande formule voor LCM.
Tijdcomplexiteit: O(N * Q)
Hulpruimte: O(1)
RangeLCM-query's gebruiken Segmentboom :
Omdat het aantal vragen groot kan zijn, zou de naïeve oplossing onpraktisch zijn. Deze tijd kan worden verkort
Er is geen updatebewerking bij dit probleem. We kunnen dus in eerste instantie een segmentboom bouwen en die gebruiken om de vragen in logaritmische tijd te beantwoorden.
Elk knooppunt in de boom moet de LCM-waarde voor dat specifieke segment opslaan en we kunnen dezelfde formule als hierboven gebruiken om de segmenten te combineren.
Volg de onderstaande stappen om het idee te implementeren:
- Bouw een segmentboom op basis van de gegeven array.
- Blader door de vragen. Voor elke zoekopdracht:
- Zoek dat specifieke bereik in de segmentboom.
- Gebruik de bovengenoemde formule om de segmenten te combineren en bereken de LCM voor dat bereik.
- Druk het antwoord voor dat segment af.
Hieronder vindt u de implementatie van bovenstaande aanpak.
C++ // LCM of given range queries using Segment Tree #include using namespace std ; #define MAX 1000 // allocate space for tree int tree [ 4 * MAX ]; // declaring the array globally int arr [ MAX ]; // Function to return gcd of a and b int gcd ( int a int b ) { if ( a == 0 ) return b ; return gcd ( b % a a ); } // utility function to find lcm int lcm ( int a int b ) { return a * b / gcd ( a b ); } // Function to build the segment tree // Node starts beginning index of current subtree. // start and end are indexes in arr[] which is global void build ( int node int start int end ) { // If there is only one element in current subarray if ( start == end ) { tree [ node ] = arr [ start ]; return ; } int mid = ( start + end ) / 2 ; // build left and right segments build ( 2 * node start mid ); build ( 2 * node + 1 mid + 1 end ); // build the parent int left_lcm = tree [ 2 * node ]; int right_lcm = tree [ 2 * node + 1 ]; tree [ node ] = lcm ( left_lcm right_lcm ); } // Function to make queries for array range )l r). // Node is index of root of current segment in segment // tree (Note that indexes in segment tree begin with 1 // for simplicity). // start and end are indexes of subarray covered by root // of current segment. int query ( int node int start int end int l int r ) { // Completely outside the segment returning // 1 will not affect the lcm; if ( end < l || start > r ) return 1 ; // completely inside the segment if ( l <= start && r >= end ) return tree [ node ]; // partially inside int mid = ( start + end ) / 2 ; int left_lcm = query ( 2 * node start mid l r ); int right_lcm = query ( 2 * node + 1 mid + 1 end l r ); return lcm ( left_lcm right_lcm ); } // driver function to check the above program int main () { // initialize the array arr [ 0 ] = 5 ; arr [ 1 ] = 7 ; arr [ 2 ] = 5 ; arr [ 3 ] = 2 ; arr [ 4 ] = 10 ; arr [ 5 ] = 12 ; arr [ 6 ] = 11 ; arr [ 7 ] = 17 ; arr [ 8 ] = 14 ; arr [ 9 ] = 1 ; arr [ 10 ] = 44 ; // build the segment tree build ( 1 0 10 ); // Now we can answer each query efficiently // Print LCM of (2 5) cout < < query ( 1 0 10 2 5 ) < < endl ; // Print LCM of (5 10) cout < < query ( 1 0 10 5 10 ) < < endl ; // Print LCM of (0 10) cout < < query ( 1 0 10 0 10 ) < < endl ; return 0 ; }
Java // LCM of given range queries // using Segment Tree class GFG { static final int MAX = 1000 ; // allocate space for tree static int tree [] = new int [ 4 * MAX ] ; // declaring the array globally static int arr [] = new int [ MAX ] ; // Function to return gcd of a and b static int gcd ( int a int b ) { if ( a == 0 ) { return b ; } return gcd ( b % a a ); } // utility function to find lcm static int lcm ( int a int b ) { return a * b / gcd ( a b ); } // Function to build the segment tree // Node starts beginning index // of current subtree. start and end // are indexes in arr[] which is global static void build ( int node int start int end ) { // If there is only one element // in current subarray if ( start == end ) { tree [ node ] = arr [ start ] ; return ; } int mid = ( start + end ) / 2 ; // build left and right segments build ( 2 * node start mid ); build ( 2 * node + 1 mid + 1 end ); // build the parent int left_lcm = tree [ 2 * node ] ; int right_lcm = tree [ 2 * node + 1 ] ; tree [ node ] = lcm ( left_lcm right_lcm ); } // Function to make queries for // array range )l r). Node is index // of root of current segment in segment // tree (Note that indexes in segment // tree begin with 1 for simplicity). // start and end are indexes of subarray // covered by root of current segment. static int query ( int node int start int end int l int r ) { // Completely outside the segment returning // 1 will not affect the lcm; if ( end < l || start > r ) { return 1 ; } // completely inside the segment if ( l <= start && r >= end ) { return tree [ node ] ; } // partially inside int mid = ( start + end ) / 2 ; int left_lcm = query ( 2 * node start mid l r ); int right_lcm = query ( 2 * node + 1 mid + 1 end l r ); return lcm ( left_lcm right_lcm ); } // Driver code public static void main ( String [] args ) { // initialize the array arr [ 0 ] = 5 ; arr [ 1 ] = 7 ; arr [ 2 ] = 5 ; arr [ 3 ] = 2 ; arr [ 4 ] = 10 ; arr [ 5 ] = 12 ; arr [ 6 ] = 11 ; arr [ 7 ] = 17 ; arr [ 8 ] = 14 ; arr [ 9 ] = 1 ; arr [ 10 ] = 44 ; // build the segment tree build ( 1 0 10 ); // Now we can answer each query efficiently // Print LCM of (2 5) System . out . println ( query ( 1 0 10 2 5 )); // Print LCM of (5 10) System . out . println ( query ( 1 0 10 5 10 )); // Print LCM of (0 10) System . out . println ( query ( 1 0 10 0 10 )); } } // This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar
Python # LCM of given range queries using Segment Tree MAX = 1000 # allocate space for tree tree = [ 0 ] * ( 4 * MAX ) # declaring the array globally arr = [ 0 ] * MAX # Function to return gcd of a and b def gcd ( a : int b : int ): if a == 0 : return b return gcd ( b % a a ) # utility function to find lcm def lcm ( a : int b : int ): return ( a * b ) // gcd ( a b ) # Function to build the segment tree # Node starts beginning index of current subtree. # start and end are indexes in arr[] which is global def build ( node : int start : int end : int ): # If there is only one element # in current subarray if start == end : tree [ node ] = arr [ start ] return mid = ( start + end ) // 2 # build left and right segments build ( 2 * node start mid ) build ( 2 * node + 1 mid + 1 end ) # build the parent left_lcm = tree [ 2 * node ] right_lcm = tree [ 2 * node + 1 ] tree [ node ] = lcm ( left_lcm right_lcm ) # Function to make queries for array range )l r). # Node is index of root of current segment in segment # tree (Note that indexes in segment tree begin with 1 # for simplicity). # start and end are indexes of subarray covered by root # of current segment. def query ( node : int start : int end : int l : int r : int ): # Completely outside the segment # returning 1 will not affect the lcm; if end < l or start > r : return 1 # completely inside the segment if l <= start and r >= end : return tree [ node ] # partially inside mid = ( start + end ) // 2 left_lcm = query ( 2 * node start mid l r ) right_lcm = query ( 2 * node + 1 mid + 1 end l r ) return lcm ( left_lcm right_lcm ) # Driver Code if __name__ == '__main__' : # initialize the array arr [ 0 ] = 5 arr [ 1 ] = 7 arr [ 2 ] = 5 arr [ 3 ] = 2 arr [ 4 ] = 10 arr [ 5 ] = 12 arr [ 6 ] = 11 arr [ 7 ] = 17 arr [ 8 ] = 14 arr [ 9 ] = 1 arr [ 10 ] = 44 # build the segment tree build ( 1 0 10 ) # Now we can answer each query efficiently # Print LCM of (2 5) print ( query ( 1 0 10 2 5 )) # Print LCM of (5 10) print ( query ( 1 0 10 5 10 )) # Print LCM of (0 10) print ( query ( 1 0 10 0 10 )) # This code is contributed by # sanjeev2552
C# // LCM of given range queries // using Segment Tree using System ; using System.Collections.Generic ; class GFG { static readonly int MAX = 1000 ; // allocate space for tree static int [] tree = new int [ 4 * MAX ]; // declaring the array globally static int [] arr = new int [ MAX ]; // Function to return gcd of a and b static int gcd ( int a int b ) { if ( a == 0 ) { return b ; } return gcd ( b % a a ); } // utility function to find lcm static int lcm ( int a int b ) { return a * b / gcd ( a b ); } // Function to build the segment tree // Node starts beginning index // of current subtree. start and end // are indexes in []arr which is global static void build ( int node int start int end ) { // If there is only one element // in current subarray if ( start == end ) { tree [ node ] = arr [ start ]; return ; } int mid = ( start + end ) / 2 ; // build left and right segments build ( 2 * node start mid ); build ( 2 * node + 1 mid + 1 end ); // build the parent int left_lcm = tree [ 2 * node ]; int right_lcm = tree [ 2 * node + 1 ]; tree [ node ] = lcm ( left_lcm right_lcm ); } // Function to make queries for // array range )l r). Node is index // of root of current segment in segment // tree (Note that indexes in segment // tree begin with 1 for simplicity). // start and end are indexes of subarray // covered by root of current segment. static int query ( int node int start int end int l int r ) { // Completely outside the segment // returning 1 will not affect the lcm; if ( end < l || start > r ) { return 1 ; } // completely inside the segment if ( l <= start && r >= end ) { return tree [ node ]; } // partially inside int mid = ( start + end ) / 2 ; int left_lcm = query ( 2 * node start mid l r ); int right_lcm = query ( 2 * node + 1 mid + 1 end l r ); return lcm ( left_lcm right_lcm ); } // Driver code public static void Main ( String [] args ) { // initialize the array arr [ 0 ] = 5 ; arr [ 1 ] = 7 ; arr [ 2 ] = 5 ; arr [ 3 ] = 2 ; arr [ 4 ] = 10 ; arr [ 5 ] = 12 ; arr [ 6 ] = 11 ; arr [ 7 ] = 17 ; arr [ 8 ] = 14 ; arr [ 9 ] = 1 ; arr [ 10 ] = 44 ; // build the segment tree build ( 1 0 10 ); // Now we can answer each query efficiently // Print LCM of (2 5) Console . WriteLine ( query ( 1 0 10 2 5 )); // Print LCM of (5 10) Console . WriteLine ( query ( 1 0 10 5 10 )); // Print LCM of (0 10) Console . WriteLine ( query ( 1 0 10 0 10 )); } } // This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji
JavaScript < script > // LCM of given range queries using Segment Tree const MAX = 1000 // allocate space for tree var tree = new Array ( 4 * MAX ); // declaring the array globally var arr = new Array ( MAX ); // Function to return gcd of a and b function gcd ( a b ) { if ( a == 0 ) return b ; return gcd ( b % a a ); } //utility function to find lcm function lcm ( a b ) { return Math . floor ( a * b / gcd ( a b )); } // Function to build the segment tree // Node starts beginning index of current subtree. // start and end are indexes in arr[] which is global function build ( node start end ) { // If there is only one element in current subarray if ( start == end ) { tree [ node ] = arr [ start ]; return ; } let mid = Math . floor (( start + end ) / 2 ); // build left and right segments build ( 2 * node start mid ); build ( 2 * node + 1 mid + 1 end ); // build the parent let left_lcm = tree [ 2 * node ]; let right_lcm = tree [ 2 * node + 1 ]; tree [ node ] = lcm ( left_lcm right_lcm ); } // Function to make queries for array range )l r). // Node is index of root of current segment in segment // tree (Note that indexes in segment tree begin with 1 // for simplicity). // start and end are indexes of subarray covered by root // of current segment. function query ( node start end l r ) { // Completely outside the segment returning // 1 will not affect the lcm; if ( end < l || start > r ) return 1 ; // completely inside the segment if ( l <= start && r >= end ) return tree [ node ]; // partially inside let mid = Math . floor (( start + end ) / 2 ); let left_lcm = query ( 2 * node start mid l r ); let right_lcm = query ( 2 * node + 1 mid + 1 end l r ); return lcm ( left_lcm right_lcm ); } //driver function to check the above program //initialize the array arr [ 0 ] = 5 ; arr [ 1 ] = 7 ; arr [ 2 ] = 5 ; arr [ 3 ] = 2 ; arr [ 4 ] = 10 ; arr [ 5 ] = 12 ; arr [ 6 ] = 11 ; arr [ 7 ] = 17 ; arr [ 8 ] = 14 ; arr [ 9 ] = 1 ; arr [ 10 ] = 44 ; // build the segment tree build ( 1 0 10 ); // Now we can answer each query efficiently // Print LCM of (2 5) document . write ( query ( 1 0 10 2 5 ) + '
' ); // Print LCM of (5 10) document . write ( query ( 1 0 10 5 10 ) + '
' ); // Print LCM of (0 10) document . write ( query ( 1 0 10 0 10 ) + '
' ); // This code is contributed by Manoj. < /script>
Uitvoer
60 15708 78540
Tijdcomplexiteit: O(Log N * Log n) waarbij N het aantal elementen in de array is. De andere log n geeft de tijd aan die nodig is voor het vinden van de LCM. Deze tijdcomplexiteit geldt voor elke query. De totale tijdcomplexiteit is O(N + Q*Log N*log n). Dit komt omdat O(N) tijd nodig is om de boom op te bouwen en vervolgens de vragen te beantwoorden.
Hulpruimte: O(N) waarbij N het aantal elementen in de array is. Deze ruimte is nodig voor het opslaan van de segmentboom.
Verwant onderwerp: Segmentboom
Aanpak #2: Wiskunde gebruiken
We definiëren eerst een hulpfunctie lcm() om het kleinste gemene veelvoud van twee getallen te berekenen. Vervolgens doorlopen we voor elke query de subarray van arr die is gedefinieerd door het querybereik en berekenen we de LCM met behulp van de functie lcm(). De LCM-waarde wordt opgeslagen in een lijst die als eindresultaat wordt geretourneerd.
Segmentboom
Aanpak #2: Wiskunde gebruiken
Algoritme
Segmentboom
Aanpak #2: Wiskunde gebruiken
1. Definieer een hulpfunctie lcm(a b) om het kleinste gemene veelvoud van twee getallen te berekenen.
2. Definieer een functie range_lcm_queries(arr queries) die een array arr en een lijst met query's met querybereiken als invoer nodig heeft.
3. Maak een lege lijst met resultaten om de LCM-waarden voor elke query op te slaan.
4. Extraheer voor elke zoekopdracht in zoekopdrachten de linker- en rechterindices l en r.
5. Stel lcm_val in op de waarde van arr[l].
6. Voor elke index i in het bereik l+1 tot en met r werkt u lcm_val bij tot de LCM van lcm_val en arr[i] met behulp van de functie lcm().
7. Voeg lcm_val toe aan de resultatenlijst.
8. Retourneer de resultatenlijst.
Aanpak #2: Wiskunde gebruiken
C++ Java #include
Python /*package whatever //do not write package name here */ import java.util.ArrayList ; import java.util.List ; public class GFG { public static int gcd ( int a int b ) { if ( b == 0 ) return a ; return gcd ( b a % b ); } public static int lcm ( int a int b ) { return a * b / gcd ( a b ); } public static List < Integer > rangeLcmQueries ( List < Integer > arr List < int []> queries ) { List < Integer > results = new ArrayList <> (); for ( int [] query : queries ) { int l = query [ 0 ] ; int r = query [ 1 ] ; int lcmVal = arr . get ( l ); for ( int i = l + 1 ; i <= r ; i ++ ) { lcmVal = lcm ( lcmVal arr . get ( i )); } results . add ( lcmVal ); } return results ; } public static void main ( String [] args ) { List < Integer > arr = List . of ( 5 7 5 2 10 12 11 17 14 1 44 ); List < int []> queries = List . of ( new int [] { 2 5 } new int [] { 5 10 } new int [] { 0 10 }); List < Integer > results = rangeLcmQueries ( arr queries ); for ( int result : results ) { System . out . print ( result + ' ' ); } System . out . println (); } }
C# from math import gcd def lcm ( a b ): return a * b // gcd ( a b ) def range_lcm_queries ( arr queries ): results = [] for query in queries : l r = query lcm_val = arr [ l ] for i in range ( l + 1 r + 1 ): lcm_val = lcm ( lcm_val arr [ i ]) results . append ( lcm_val ) return results # example usage arr = [ 5 7 5 2 10 12 11 17 14 1 44 ] queries = [( 2 5 ) ( 5 10 ) ( 0 10 )] print ( range_lcm_queries ( arr queries )) # output: [60 15708 78540]
JavaScript using System ; using System.Collections.Generic ; class GFG { // Function to calculate the greatest common divisor (GCD) // using Euclidean algorithm static int GCD ( int a int b ) { if ( b == 0 ) return a ; return GCD ( b a % b ); } // Function to calculate the least common multiple (LCM) // using GCD static int LCM ( int a int b ) { return a * b / GCD ( a b ); } static List < int > RangeLcmQueries ( List < int > arr List < Tuple < int int >> queries ) { List < int > results = new List < int > (); foreach ( var query in queries ) { int l = query . Item1 ; int r = query . Item2 ; int lcmVal = arr [ l ]; for ( int i = l + 1 ; i <= r ; i ++ ) { lcmVal = LCM ( lcmVal arr [ i ]); } results . Add ( lcmVal ); } return results ; } static void Main () { List < int > arr = new List < int > { 5 7 5 2 10 12 11 17 14 1 44 }; List < Tuple < int int >> queries = new List < Tuple < int int >> { Tuple . Create ( 2 5 ) Tuple . Create ( 5 10 ) Tuple . Create ( 0 10 ) }; List < int > results = RangeLcmQueries ( arr queries ); foreach ( var result in results ) { Console . Write ( result + ' ' ); } Console . WriteLine (); } }
// JavaScript Program for the above approach // function to find out gcd function gcd ( a b ) { if ( b === 0 ) { return a ; } return gcd ( b a % b ); } // function to find out lcm function lcm ( a b ) { return ( a * b ) / gcd ( a b ); } function rangeLcmQueries ( arr queries ) { const results = []; for ( const query of queries ) { const l = query [ 0 ]; const r = query [ 1 ]; let lcmVal = arr [ l ]; for ( let i = l + 1 ; i <= r ; i ++ ) { lcmVal = lcm ( lcmVal arr [ i ]); } results . push ( lcmVal ); } return results ; } // Driver code to test above function const arr = [ 5 7 5 2 10 12 11 17 14 1 44 ]; const queries = [[ 2 5 ] [ 5 10 ] [ 0 10 ]]; const results = rangeLcmQueries ( arr queries ); for ( const result of results ) { console . log ( result + ' ' ); } console . log (); // THIS CODE IS CONTRIBUTED BY PIYUSH AGARWAL
Uitvoer
[60 15708 78540]
Tijdcomplexiteit: O(log(min(ab))). Voor elk zoekbereik doorlopen we een subarray van grootte O(n), waarbij n de lengte van arr is. Daarom is de tijdscomplexiteit van de algehele functie O(qn log(min(a_i))) waarbij q het aantal queries is en a_i het i-de element van arr.
Ruimtecomplexiteit: O(1) omdat we slechts een paar gehele getallen tegelijk opslaan. Er wordt geen rekening gehouden met de ruimte die wordt gebruikt door de invoer arr en query's.
