Darbas su zip failais Python
Šiame straipsnyje paaiškinama, kaip galima atlikti įvairias ZIP failo operacijas naudojant paprastą python programą. Kas yra zip failas? ZIP yra archyvo failo formatas, kuris palaiko duomenų glaudinimą be nuostolių. Nenuostolingu glaudinimu turime omenyje, kad glaudinimo algoritmas leidžia puikiai atkurti originalius duomenis iš suglaudintų duomenų. Taigi ZIP failas yra vienas failas, kuriame yra vienas ar daugiau suglaudintų failų. Tai idealus būdas sumažinti didelius failus ir laikyti susijusius failus kartu. Kodėl mums reikia ZIP failų? 
Pabandykime suprasti aukščiau pateiktą kodą dalimis: 
Here we will need to crawl the whole directory and its sub-directories in order to get a list of all file paths before writing them to a zip file. The following program does this by crawling the directory to be zipped: Python 
Pabandykime suprasti aukščiau pateiktą kodą padalindami į fragmentus: 
- Siekiant sumažinti saugojimo poreikius.
- Norėdami pagerinti perdavimo greitį standartinėmis jungtimis.
1. ZIP failo ištraukimas
Python # importing required modules from zipfile import ZipFile # specifying the zip file name file_name = 'my_python_files.zip' # opening the zip file in READ mode with ZipFile ( file_name 'r' ) as zip : # printing all the contents of the zip file zip . printdir () # extracting all the files print ( 'Extracting all the files now...' ) zip . extractall () print ( 'Done!' )
The above program extracts a zip file named 'my_python_files.zip' in the same directory as of this python script. The output of above program may look like this: 
Pabandykime suprasti aukščiau pateiktą kodą dalimis: -
from zipfile import ZipFile
ZipFile is a class of zipfile module for reading and writing zip files. Here we import only class ZipFile from zipfile module. -
with ZipFile(file_name 'r') as zip:
Here a ZipFile object is made by calling ZipFile constructor which accepts zip file name and mode parameters. We create a ZipFile object in SKAITYTI režimą ir pavadinkite jį kaip užtrauktukas . -
zip.printdir()
spausdinimo vadovas () metodas atspausdina archyvo turinį. -
zip.extractall()
ekstraktas () metodas ištrauks visą zip failo turinį į dabartinį darbo katalogą. Taip pat galite skambinti ekstraktas () method to extract any file by specifying its path in the zip file. For example:zip.extract('python_files/python_wiki.txt')This will extract only the specified file. If you want to read some specific file you can go like this:data = zip.read(name_of_file_to_read)
2. Rašymas į ZIP failą
Apsvarstykite katalogą (aplanką) tokiu formatu:
Here we will need to crawl the whole directory and its sub-directories in order to get a list of all file paths before writing them to a zip file. The following program does this by crawling the directory to be zipped: Python # importing required modules from zipfile import ZipFile import os def get_all_file_paths ( directory ): # initializing empty file paths list file_paths = [] # crawling through directory and subdirectories for root directories files in os . walk ( directory ): for filename in files : # join the two strings in order to form the full filepath. filepath = os . path . join ( root filename ) file_paths . append ( filepath ) # returning all file paths return file_paths def main (): # path to folder which needs to be zipped directory = './python_files' # calling function to get all file paths in the directory file_paths = get_all_file_paths ( directory ) # printing the list of all files to be zipped print ( 'Following files will be zipped:' ) for file_name in file_paths : print ( file_name ) # writing files to a zipfile with ZipFile ( 'my_python_files.zip' 'w' ) as zip : # writing each file one by one for file in file_paths : zip . write ( file ) print ( 'All files zipped successfully!' ) if __name__ == '__main__' : main ()
The output of above program looks like this: 
Pabandykime suprasti aukščiau pateiktą kodą padalindami į fragmentus: -
def get_all_file_paths(directory): file_paths = [] for root directories files in os.walk(directory): for filename in files: filepath = os.path.join(root filename) file_paths.append(filepath) return file_paths
First of all to get all file paths in our directory we have created this function which uses the os.walk() metodas. Kiekvienoje iteracijoje visi tame kataloge esantys failai pridedami prie sąrašo, vadinamo failo_keliai . Galų gale grąžiname visus failo kelius. -
file_paths = get_all_file_paths(directory)
Here we pass the directory to be zipped to the get_all_file_paths() funkciją ir gauti sąrašą su visais failų keliais. -
with ZipFile('my_python_files.zip''w') as zip:Here we create a ZipFile object in WRITE mode this time. -
for file in file_paths: zip.write(file)
Here we write all the files to the zip file one by one using rašyti metodas.
3. Visos informacijos apie ZIP failą gavimas
Python # importing required modules from zipfile import ZipFile import datetime # specifying the zip file name file_name = 'example.zip' # opening the zip file in READ mode with ZipFile ( file_name 'r' ) as zip : for info in zip . infolist (): print ( info . filename ) print ( ' t Modified: t ' + str ( datetime . datetime ( * info . date_time ))) print ( ' t System: tt ' + str ( info . create_system ) + '(0 = Windows 3 = Unix)' ) print ( ' t ZIP version: t ' + str ( info . create_version )) print ( ' t Compressed: t ' + str ( info . compress_size ) + ' bytes' ) print ( ' t Uncompressed: t ' + str ( info . file_size ) + ' bytes' )
The output of above program may look like this: 
for info in zip.infolist():Here infolist () metodas sukuria egzempliorių ZipInfo klasė, kurioje yra visa informacija apie ZIP failą. Galime pasiekti visą informaciją, pvz., failų pavadinimų sistemos, kurioje buvo sukurti failai, paskutinio pakeitimo datą. Nikhilas Kumaras . Sukurti viktoriną
