Failų atsisiuntimas iš žiniatinklio naudojant Python
Prašymai yra universali HTTP biblioteka python su įvairiomis programomis. Viena iš jos programų yra atsisiųsti failą iš žiniatinklio naudojant failo URL. Montavimas: First of all you would need to download the requests library. You can directly install it using pip by typing following command: Kadangi visų failų duomenų negali saugoti viena mūsų naudojama eilutė r.iter_content metodas įkelti duomenis dalimis, nurodant gabalo dydį.
pip install requestsOr download it directly from čia ir įdiegti rankiniu būdu.
Failų atsisiuntimas
Python3 # imported the requests library import requests image_url = 'https://www.python.org/static/community_logos/python-logo-master-v3-TM.webp' # URL of the image to be downloaded is defined as image_url r = requests . get ( image_url ) # create HTTP response object # send a HTTP request to the server and save # the HTTP response in a response object called r with open ( 'python_logo.webp' 'wb' ) as f : # Saving received content as a png file in # binary format # write the contents of the response (r.content) # to a new file in binary mode. f . write ( r . content )
This small piece of code written above will download the following image from the web. Now check your local directory(the folder where this script resides) and you will find this image: All we need is the URL of the image source. (You can get the URL of image source by right-clicking on the image and selecting the View Image option.) Parsisiųsti didelius failus
HTTP atsakymo turinys ( r.turinys ) yra ne kas kita, kaip eilutė, kurioje saugomi failo duomenys. Taigi, jei failai yra dideli, nebus įmanoma išsaugoti visų duomenų vienoje eilutėje. Norėdami išspręsti šią problemą, savo programoje atliekame keletą pakeitimų:r = requests.get(URL stream = True)Setting srautas parametras į Tiesa bus atsisiunčiamos tik atsakymo antraštės, o ryšys liks atviras. Taip išvengiama viso turinio perskaitymo į atmintį, kad būtų galima gauti didelius atsakymus. Fiksuotas gabalas bus įkeltas kiekvieną kartą r.iter_content is iterated. Here is an example: Python3
import requests file_url = 'http://codex.cs.yale.edu/avi/db-book/db4/slide-dir/ch1-2.pdf' r = requests . get ( file_url stream = True ) with open ( 'python.pdf' 'wb' ) as pdf : for chunk in r . iter_content ( chunk_size = 1024 ): # writing one chunk at a time to pdf file if chunk : pdf . write ( chunk )
Vaizdo įrašų atsisiuntimas
Šiame pavyzdyje mes norime atsisiųsti visas vaizdo paskaitas apie tai internetinis puslapis . Yra visi šios paskaitos archyvai čia . So we first scrape the webpage to extract all video links and then download the videos one by one. Python3 import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup ''' URL of the archive web-page which provides link to all video lectures. It would have been tiring to download each video manually. In this example we first crawl the webpage to extract all the links and then download videos. ''' # specify the URL of the archive here archive_url = 'https://public.websites.umich.edu/errors/404.html def get_video_links (): # create response object r = requests . get ( archive_url ) # create beautiful-soup object soup = BeautifulSoup ( r . content 'html5lib' ) # find all links on web-page links = soup . findAll ( 'a' ) # filter the link sending with .mp4 video_links = [ archive_url + link [ 'href' ] for link in links if link [ 'href' ] . endswith ( 'mp4' )] return video_links def download_video_series ( video_links ): for link in video_links : '''iterate through all links in video_links and download them one by one''' # obtain filename by splitting url and getting # last string file_name = link . split ( '/' )[ - 1 ] print ( 'Downloading file: %s ' % file_name ) # create response object r = requests . get ( link stream = True ) # download started with open ( file_name 'wb' ) as f : for chunk in r . iter_content ( chunk_size = 1024 * 1024 ): if chunk : f . write ( chunk ) print ( ' %s downloaded! n ' % file_name ) print ( 'All videos downloaded!' ) return if __name__ == '__main__' : # getting all video links video_links = get_video_links () # download all videos download_video_series ( video_links )
Advantages of using Requests library to download web files are: - Galima lengvai atsisiųsti žiniatinklio katalogus, kartodami rekursyviai per svetainę!
- Tai nuo naršyklės nepriklausomas metodas ir daug greitesnis!
- Galima tiesiog nubraukti tinklalapį, kad gautumėte visus tinklalapio failų URL ir atsisiųstumėte visus failus viena komanda -
„Web Scraping“ įdiegimas „Python“ naudojant „BeautifulSoup“.