Skaičiuokite substrinius su K skirtingais simboliais

Atsižvelgiant į eilutes, susidedančias iš tik mažųjų angliškų raidžių, ir sveikasis skaičius k suskaičiuoja bendrą S substringų skaičių (nebūtinai skirtingą), kuriuose yra tiksliai k atskiri simboliai.
Pastaba:

  • Substringas yra gretimas simbolių seka eilutėje.
  • Straipsniai, kurie yra identiški, bet pasireiškia skirtingose ​​padėtyse, turėtų būti suskaičiuoti atskirai.

Pavyzdžiai:  

Įvestis: s = 'abc' k = 2
Išvestis: 2
Paaiškinimas: Galimi substringai yra ['ab' 'bc']

Įvestis: s = 'aba' k = 2
Išvestis: 3
Paaiškinimas: Galimi substringai yra ['ab' 'ba' 'aba']

Įvestis: s = 'aa' k = 1
Išvestis: 3
Paaiškinimas: Galimi substringai yra ['a' 'a' 'aa']

Turinio lentelė

[Naivus požiūris] Tikrina visus substrinius - o (n^2) Laikas ir O (1) erdvė

Idėja yra patikrinti kiekvieną įmanomą substringą, pakartojant visas įmanomas pradines pozicijas (i) ir eilutėje (j) pabaigos pozicijas. Kiekvienam poskyriui išlaikykite loginį masyvą, kad galėtumėte sekti atskirus simbolius ir skaitiklį, skirtą atskirų simbolių skaičiui. Išplečiant substringą iš kairės į dešinę, jis atnaujina skirtingą simbolių skaičių, patikrindamas, ar kiekvienas naujas simbolis buvo matomas anksčiau. Kai tik atskirų simbolių skaičius tiksliai atitinka duotą k, jis padidina atsakymų skaičių.

C++
   #include          #include         using     namespace     std  ;   int     countSubstr  (  string     &  s       int     k  )     {      int     n     =     s  .  length  ();      int     ans     =     0  ;          for     (  int     i  =  0  ;     i   <  n  ;     i  ++  )     {          // array to check if a character       // is present in substring i..j      vector   <  bool  >     map  (  26       0  );      int     distinctCnt     =     0  ;          for     (  int     j  =  i  ;     j   <  n  ;     j  ++  )     {          // if new character is present      // increment distinct count.      if     (  map  [  s  [  j  ]     -     'a'  ]     ==     false  )     {      map  [  s  [  j  ]     -     'a'  ]     =     true  ;      distinctCnt  ++  ;      }          // if distinct count is equal to k.      if     (  distinctCnt     ==     k  )     ans  ++  ;      }      }          return     ans  ;   }   int     main  ()     {      string     s     =     'abc'  ;      int     k     =     2  ;          cout      < <     countSubstr  (  s       k  );      return     0  ;   }   
Java
   class   GfG     {      static     int     countSubstr  (  String     s       int     k  )     {      int     n     =     s  .  length  ();      int     ans     =     0  ;      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      // array to check if a character       // is present in substring i..j      boolean  []     map     =     new     boolean  [  26  ]  ;      int     distinctCnt     =     0  ;      for     (  int     j     =     i  ;     j      <     n  ;     j  ++  )     {      // if new character is present      // increment distinct count.      if     (  !  map  [  s  .  charAt  (  j  )     -     'a'  ]  )     {      map  [  s  .  charAt  (  j  )     -     'a'  ]     =     true  ;      distinctCnt  ++  ;      }      // if distinct count is equal to k.      if     (  distinctCnt     ==     k  )     ans  ++  ;      }      }      return     ans  ;      }      public     static     void     main  (  String  []     args  )     {      String     s     =     'abc'  ;      int     k     =     2  ;      System  .  out  .  println  (  countSubstr  (  s       k  ));      }   }   
Python
   def   countSubstr  (  s     k  ):   n   =   len  (  s  )   ans   =   0   for   i   in   range  (  n  ):   # array to check if a character    # is present in substring i..j   map   =   [  False  ]   *   26   distinctCnt   =   0   for   j   in   range  (  i     n  ):   # if new character is present   # increment distinct count.   if   not   map  [  ord  (  s  [  j  ])   -   ord  (  'a'  )]:   map  [  ord  (  s  [  j  ])   -   ord  (  'a'  )]   =   True   distinctCnt   +=   1   # if distinct count is equal to k.   if   distinctCnt   ==   k  :   ans   +=   1   return   ans   if   __name__   ==   '__main__'  :   s   =   'abc'   k   =   2   print  (  countSubstr  (  s     k  ))   
C#
   using     System  ;   class     GfG     {      static     int     countSubstr  (  string     s       int     k  )     {      int     n     =     s  .  Length  ;      int     ans     =     0  ;      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      // array to check if a character       // is present in substring i..j      bool  []     map     =     new     bool  [  26  ];      int     distinctCnt     =     0  ;      for     (  int     j     =     i  ;     j      <     n  ;     j  ++  )     {      // if new character is present      // increment distinct count.      if     (  !  map  [  s  [  j  ]     -     'a'  ])     {      map  [  s  [  j  ]     -     'a'  ]     =     true  ;      distinctCnt  ++  ;      }      // if distinct count is equal to k.      if     (  distinctCnt     ==     k  )     ans  ++  ;      }      }      return     ans  ;      }      static     void     Main  ()     {      string     s     =     'abc'  ;      int     k     =     2  ;      Console  .  WriteLine  (  countSubstr  (  s       k  ));      }   }   
JavaScript
   function     countSubstr  (  s       k  )     {      let     n     =     s  .  length  ;      let     ans     =     0  ;      for     (  let     i     =     0  ;     i      <     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      // array to check if a character       // is present in substring i..j      let     map     =     new     Array  (  26  ).  fill  (  false  );      let     distinctCnt     =     0  ;      for     (  let     j     =     i  ;     j      <     n  ;     j  ++  )     {      // if new character is present      // increment distinct count.      if     (  !  map  [  s  .  charCodeAt  (  j  )     -     'a'  .  charCodeAt  (  0  )])     {      map  [  s  .  charCodeAt  (  j  )     -     'a'  .  charCodeAt  (  0  )]     =     true  ;      distinctCnt  ++  ;      }      // if distinct count is equal to k.      if     (  distinctCnt     ===     k  )     ans  ++  ;      }      }      return     ans  ;   }   // Driver Code   let     s     =     'abc'  ;   let     k     =     2  ;   console  .  log  (  countSubstr  (  s       k  ));   

Išvestis
2 

[Efektyvus požiūris] Naudojant stumdymo lango metodą - O (n) Laikas ir O (1) erdvė

Idėja yra naudoti stumdomas langas Technika, leidžianti efektyviai suskaičiuoti substrinius daugiausia k skirtingų simbolių ir atimti substringų skaičių su daugiausia K-1 skirtingų simbolių, kad būtų gautas substrinių skaičius su tiksliai K skirtingais simboliais.

Žingsnis po žingsnio įgyvendinimas:

  • Norėdami sekti simbolių dažnius, naudokite stumdomą langą su 26 dydžio masyvu.
  • Išskleiskite langą į dešinę pridedant simbolių.
  • Susitraukite langą iš kairės, kai skirtingi simboliai viršija k.
  • Suskaitykite visus galiojančius poskyrius lange.
  • Atimkite posts su K-1 skirtingais simboliais nuo K skirtingų simbolių.
C++
   #include          #include         using     namespace     std  ;   // function which finds the number of    // substrings with atmost k Distinct   // characters.   int     count  (  string     &  s       int     k  )     {      int     n     =     s  .  length  ();      int     ans     =     0  ;          // use sliding window technique      vector   <  int  >     freq  (  26       0  );      int     distinctCnt     =     0  ;      int     i     =     0  ;          for     (  int     j     =     0  ;     j      <     n  ;     j  ++  )     {          // expand window and add character      freq  [  s  [  j  ]     -     'a'  ]  ++  ;      if     (  freq  [  s  [  j  ]     -     'a'  ]     ==     1  )     distinctCnt  ++  ;          // shrink window if distinct characters exceed k      while     (  distinctCnt     >     k  )     {      freq  [  s  [  i  ]     -     'a'  ]  --  ;      if     (  freq  [  s  [  i  ]     -     'a'  ]     ==     0  )     distinctCnt  --  ;      i  ++  ;      }          // add number of valid substrings ending at j      ans     +=     j     -     i     +     1  ;      }          return     ans  ;   }   // function to find the number of substrings   // with exactly k Distinct characters.   int     countSubstr  (  string     &  s       int     k  )     {      int     n     =     s  .  length  ();      int     ans     =     0  ;          // subtract substrings with at most       // k-1 distinct characters from substrings      // with at most k distinct characters      ans     =     count  (  s       k  )     -     count  (  s       k  -1  );          return     ans  ;   }   int     main  ()     {      string     s     =     'abc'  ;      int     k     =     2  ;      cout      < <     countSubstr  (  s       k  );      return     0  ;   }   
Java
   class   GfG     {      // function which finds the number of       // substrings with atmost k Distinct      // characters.      static     int     count  (  String     s       int     k  )     {      int     n     =     s  .  length  ();      int     ans     =     0  ;      // use sliding window technique      int  []     freq     =     new     int  [  26  ]  ;      int     distinctCnt     =     0  ;      int     i     =     0  ;      for     (  int     j     =     0  ;     j      <     n  ;     j  ++  )     {      // expand window and add character      freq  [  s  .  charAt  (  j  )     -     'a'  ]++  ;      if     (  freq  [  s  .  charAt  (  j  )     -     'a'  ]     ==     1  )     distinctCnt  ++  ;      // shrink window if distinct characters exceed k      while     (  distinctCnt     >     k  )     {      freq  [  s  .  charAt  (  i  )     -     'a'  ]--  ;      if     (  freq  [  s  .  charAt  (  i  )     -     'a'  ]     ==     0  )     distinctCnt  --  ;      i  ++  ;      }      // add number of valid substrings ending at j      ans     +=     j     -     i     +     1  ;      }      return     ans  ;      }      // function to find the number of substrings      // with exactly k Distinct characters.      static     int     countSubstr  (  String     s       int     k  )     {      int     n     =     s  .  length  ();      int     ans     =     0  ;      // Subtract substrings with at most       // k-1 distinct characters from substrings      // with at most k distinct characters      ans     =     count  (  s       k  )     -     count  (  s       k     -     1  );      return     ans  ;      }      public     static     void     main  (  String  []     args  )     {      String     s     =     'abc'  ;      int     k     =     2  ;      System  .  out  .  println  (  countSubstr  (  s       k  ));      }   }   
Python
   # function which finds the number of    # substrings with atmost k Distinct   # characters.   def   count  (  s     k  ):   n   =   len  (  s  )   ans   =   0   # ese sliding window technique   freq   =   [  0  ]   *   26   distinctCnt   =   0   i   =   0   for   j   in   range  (  n  ):   # expand window and add character   freq  [  ord  (  s  [  j  ])   -   ord  (  'a'  )]   +=   1   if   freq  [  ord  (  s  [  j  ])   -   ord  (  'a'  )]   ==   1  :   distinctCnt   +=   1   # shrink window if distinct characters exceed k   while   distinctCnt   >   k  :   freq  [  ord  (  s  [  i  ])   -   ord  (  'a'  )]   -=   1   if   freq  [  ord  (  s  [  i  ])   -   ord  (  'a'  )]   ==   0  :   distinctCnt   -=   1   i   +=   1   # add number of valid substrings ending at j   ans   +=   j   -   i   +   1   return   ans   # function to find the number of substrings   # with exactly k Distinct characters.   def   countSubstr  (  s     k  ):   n   =   len  (  s  )   ans   =   0   # subtract substrings with at most    # k-1 distinct characters from substrings   # with at most k distinct characters   ans   =   count  (  s     k  )   -   count  (  s     k   -   1  )   return   ans   if   __name__   ==   '__main__'  :   s   =   'abc'   k   =   2   print  (  countSubstr  (  s     k  ))   
C#
   using     System  ;   class     GfG     {      // function which finds the number of       // substrings with atmost k Distinct      // characters.      static     int     count  (  string     s       int     k  )     {      int     n     =     s  .  Length  ;      int     ans     =     0  ;      // use sliding window technique      int  []     freq     =     new     int  [  26  ];      int     distinctCnt     =     0  ;      int     i     =     0  ;      for     (  int     j     =     0  ;     j      <     n  ;     j  ++  )     {      // expand window and add character      freq  [  s  [  j  ]     -     'a'  ]  ++  ;      if     (  freq  [  s  [  j  ]     -     'a'  ]     ==     1  )     distinctCnt  ++  ;      // shrink window if distinct characters exceed k      while     (  distinctCnt     >     k  )     {      freq  [  s  [  i  ]     -     'a'  ]  --  ;      if     (  freq  [  s  [  i  ]     -     'a'  ]     ==     0  )     distinctCnt  --  ;      i  ++  ;      }      // add number of valid substrings ending at j      ans     +=     j     -     i     +     1  ;      }      return     ans  ;      }      // function to find the number of substrings      // with exactly k Distinct characters.      static     int     countSubstr  (  string     s       int     k  )     {      int     n     =     s  .  Length  ;      int     ans     =     0  ;      // subtract substrings with at most       // k-1 distinct characters from substrings      // with at most k distinct characters      ans     =     count  (  s       k  )     -     count  (  s       k     -     1  );      return     ans  ;      }      static     void     Main  ()     {      string     s     =     'abc'  ;      int     k     =     2  ;      Console  .  WriteLine  (  countSubstr  (  s       k  ));      }   }   
JavaScript
   // function which finds the number of    // substrings with atmost k Distinct   // characters.   function     count  (  s       k  )     {      let     n     =     s  .  length  ;      let     ans     =     0  ;      // use sliding window technique      let     freq     =     new     Array  (  26  ).  fill  (  0  );      let     distinctCnt     =     0  ;      let     i     =     0  ;      for     (  let     j     =     0  ;     j      <     n  ;     j  ++  )     {      // expand window and add character      freq  [  s  .  charCodeAt  (  j  )     -     'a'  .  charCodeAt  (  0  )]  ++  ;      if     (  freq  [  s  .  charCodeAt  (  j  )     -     'a'  .  charCodeAt  (  0  )]     ===     1  )      distinctCnt  ++  ;      // shrink window if distinct characters exceed k      while     (  distinctCnt     >     k  )     {      freq  [  s  .  charCodeAt  (  i  )     -     'a'  .  charCodeAt  (  0  )]  --  ;      if     (  freq  [  s  .  charCodeAt  (  i  )     -     'a'  .  charCodeAt  (  0  )]     ===     0  )      distinctCnt  --  ;      i  ++  ;      }      // add number of valid substrings ending at j      ans     +=     j     -     i     +     1  ;      }      return     ans  ;   }   // sunction to find the number of substrings   // with exactly k Distinct characters.   function     countSubstr  (  s       k  )     {      let     n     =     s  .  length  ;      let     ans     =     0  ;      // subtract substrings with at most       // k-1 distinct characters from substrings      // with at most k distinct characters      ans     =     count  (  s       k  )     -     count  (  s       k     -     1  );      return     ans  ;   }   // Driver Code   let     s     =     'abc'  ;   let     k     =     2  ;   console  .  log  (  countSubstr  (  s       k  ));   

Išvestis
2