정렬된 행렬의 요소 검색

정렬된 행렬이 주어지면 [][]와 함께 크기 n × m 및 정수 엑스 x가 행렬에 존재하는지 확인합니다.
행렬은 다음과 같은 방식으로 정렬됩니다.

  • 각 행은 오름차순으로 정렬됩니다.
  • 각 행의 첫 번째 요소는 이전 행의 마지막 요소보다 크거나 같습니다.
    (즉, 모든 1 ≤ i에 대해 mat[i][0] ≥ mat[i−1][m−1] < n).

예:

입력: x = 14 매트[][] = [[ 1 5 9]
[14 20 21]
[30 34 43]]
산출: 진실
설명: 가치 14 행렬의 두 번째 행 첫 번째 열에 존재합니다.

입력: x = 42 매트[][] = [[ 1 5 9 11]
[14 20 21 26]
[30 34 43 50]]
산출: 거짓
설명: 가치 42 매트릭스에는 나타나지 않습니다.

목차

[순진한 접근 방식] 모든 요소 비교 - O(n × m) 시간 및 O(1) 공간

아이디어는 전체 행렬 mat[][]를 반복하고 각 요소를 x와 비교하는 것입니다. 요소가 x와 일치하면 true를 반환합니다. 그렇지 않으면 순회가 끝나면 false를 반환합니다.

C++
   #include          #include         using     namespace     std  ;   bool     searchMatrix  (  vector   <  vector   <  int  >>&     mat       int     x  )     {      int     n     =     mat  .  size  ();      int     m     =     mat  [  0  ].  size  ();      // traverse every element in the matrix      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      for     (  int     j     =     0  ;     j      <     m  ;     j  ++  )     {      if     (  mat  [  i  ][  j  ]     ==     x  )      return     true  ;      }      }      return     false  ;   }   int     main  ()     {      vector   <  vector   <  int  >>     mat     =     {      {  1       5       9  }      {  14       20       21  }      {  30       34       43  }      };      int     x     =     14  ;      cout      < <     (  searchMatrix  (  mat       x  )     ?     'true'     :     'false'  )      < <     endl  ;   }   
Java
   class   GfG     {      public     static     boolean     searchMatrix  (  int  [][]     mat       int     x  )     {      int     n     =     mat  .  length  ;      int     m     =     mat  [  0  ]  .  length  ;      // traverse every element in the matrix      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      for     (  int     j     =     0  ;     j      <     m  ;     j  ++  )     {      if     (  mat  [  i  ][  j  ]     ==     x  )      return     true  ;      }      }      return     false  ;      }      public     static     void     main  (  String  []     args  )     {      int  [][]     mat     =     {      {  1       5       9  }      {  14       20       21  }      {  30       34       43  }      };      int     x     =     14  ;      System  .  out  .  println  (  searchMatrix  (  mat       x  )     ?     'true'     :     'false'  );      }   }   
Python
   def   searchMatrix  (  mat     x  ):   n   =   len  (  mat  )   m   =   len  (  mat  [  0  ])   # traverse every element in the matrix   for   i   in   range  (  n  ):   for   j   in   range  (  m  ):   if   mat  [  i  ][  j  ]   ==   x  :   return   True   return   False   if   __name__   ==   '__main__'  :   mat   =   [   [  1     5     9  ]   [  14     20     21  ]   [  30     34     43  ]   ]   x   =   14   print  (  'true'   if   searchMatrix  (  mat     x  )   else   'false'  )   
C#
   using     System  ;   class     GfG     {      public     static     bool     searchMatrix  (  int  [][]     mat       int     x  )     {      int     n     =     mat  .  Length  ;      int     m     =     mat  [  0  ].  Length  ;      // traverse every element in the matrix      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      for     (  int     j     =     0  ;     j      <     m  ;     j  ++  )     {      if     (  mat  [  i  ][  j  ]     ==     x  )      return     true  ;      }      }      return     false  ;      }      public     static     void     Main  (  string  []     args  )     {      int  [][]     mat     =     new     int  [][]     {      new     int  []     {  1       5       9  }      new     int  []     {  14       20       21  }      new     int  []     {  30       34       43  }      };      int     x     =     14  ;      Console  .  WriteLine  (  searchMatrix  (  mat       x  )     ?     'true'     :     'false'  );      }   }   
JavaScript
   function     searchMatrix  (  mat       x  )     {      let     n     =     mat  .  length  ;      let     m     =     mat  [  0  ].  length  ;      // traverse every element in the matrix      for     (  let     i     =     0  ;     i      <     n  ;     i  ++  )     {      for     (  let     j     =     0  ;     j      <     m  ;     j  ++  )     {      if     (  mat  [  i  ][  j  ]     ===     x  )      return     true  ;      }      }      return     false  ;   }   // Driver Code   let     mat     =     [      [  1       5       9  ]      [  14       20       21  ]      [  30       34       43  ]   ];   let     x     =     14  ;   console  .  log  (  searchMatrix  (  mat       x  )     ?     'true'     :     'false'  );   

산출
true  

[더 나은 접근 방식] 이진 검색을 두 번 사용 - O(log n + log m) 시간 및 O(1) 공간

먼저 이진 검색을 사용하여 대상 x가 있을 수 있는 행을 찾은 다음 해당 행 내에서 다시 이진 검색을 적용합니다. 올바른 행을 찾기 위해 중간 행의 첫 번째 요소에 대해 이진 검색을 수행합니다.

단계별 구현:

=> 낮은 = 0, 높은 = n - 1로 시작합니다.
=> x가 중간 행의 첫 번째 요소(a[mid][0])보다 작으면 x는 >= mid 행의 모든 ​​요소보다 작으므로 high = mid - 1로 업데이트됩니다.
=> x가 중간 행의 첫 번째 요소(a[mid][0])보다 크면 x는 행의 모든 ​​요소보다 큽니다. < mid so store the current mid row and update low = mid + 1.

올바른 행을 찾으면 해당 행 내에서 이진 검색을 적용하여 대상 요소 x를 검색할 수 있습니다.

C++
   #include          #include         using     namespace     std  ;   // function to binary search for x in arr[]   bool     search  (  vector   <  int  >     &  arr       int     x  )     {      int     lo     =     0       hi     =     arr  .  size  ()     -     1  ;      while     (  lo      <=     hi  )     {      int     mid     =     (  lo     +     hi  )     /     2  ;      if     (  x     ==     arr  [  mid  ])      return     true  ;      if     (  x      <     arr  [  mid  ])      hi     =     mid     -     1  ;      else      lo     =     mid     +     1  ;      }      return     false  ;   }   // function to search element x in fully    // sorted matrix   bool     searchMatrix  (  vector   <  vector   <  int  >>     &  mat       int     x  )     {      int     n     =     mat  .  size  ()     m     =     mat  [  0  ].  size  ();      int     lo     =     0       hi     =     n     -     1  ;      int     row     =     -1  ;      while     (  lo      <=     hi  )     {      int     mid     =     (  lo     +     hi  )     /     2  ;      // if the first element of mid row is equal to x      // return true      if     (  x     ==     mat  [  mid  ][  0  ])      return     true  ;          // if x is greater than first element of mid row      // store the mid row and search in lower half      if     (  x     >     mat  [  mid  ][  0  ])     {      row     =     mid  ;      lo     =     mid     +     1  ;      }          // if x is smaller than first element of mid row      // search in upper half      else      hi     =     mid     -     1  ;      }          // if x is smaller than all elements of mat[][]      if     (  row     ==     -1  )      return     false  ;      return     search  (  mat  [  row  ]     x  );   }   int     main  ()     {      vector   <  vector   <  int  >>     mat     =     {{  1       5       9  }     {  14       20       21  }     {  30       34       43  }};      int     x     =     14  ;      if     (  searchMatrix  (  mat       x  ))      cout      < <     'true'  ;      else      cout      < <     'false'  ;      return     0  ;   }   
Java
   class   GfG     {          // function to binary search for x in arr[]      static     boolean     search  (  int  []     arr       int     x  )     {      int     lo     =     0       hi     =     arr  .  length     -     1  ;      while     (  lo      <=     hi  )     {      int     mid     =     (  lo     +     hi  )     /     2  ;      if     (  x     ==     arr  [  mid  ]  )      return     true  ;      if     (  x      <     arr  [  mid  ]  )      hi     =     mid     -     1  ;      else      lo     =     mid     +     1  ;      }      return     false  ;      }          // function to search element x in fully       // sorted matrix      static     boolean     searchMatrix  (  int  [][]     mat       int     x  )     {      int     n     =     mat  .  length       m     =     mat  [  0  ]  .  length  ;      int     lo     =     0       hi     =     n     -     1  ;      int     row     =     -  1  ;      while     (  lo      <=     hi  )     {      int     mid     =     (  lo     +     hi  )     /     2  ;      // if the first element of mid row is equal to x      // return true      if     (  x     ==     mat  [  mid  ][  0  ]  )      return     true  ;      // if x is greater than first element of mid row      // store the mid row and search in lower half      if     (  x     >     mat  [  mid  ][  0  ]  )     {      row     =     mid  ;      lo     =     mid     +     1  ;      }      // if x is smaller than first element of mid row      // search in upper half      else      hi     =     mid     -     1  ;      }      // if x is smaller than all elements of mat[][]      if     (  row     ==     -  1  )      return     false  ;      return     search  (  mat  [  row  ]       x  );      }      public     static     void     main  (  String  []     args  )     {      int  [][]     mat     =     {      {  1       5       9  }      {  14       20       21  }      {  30       34       43  }      };      int     x     =     14  ;      if     (  searchMatrix  (  mat       x  ))      System  .  out  .  println  (  'true'  );      else      System  .  out  .  println  (  'false'  );      }   }   
Python
   # function to binary search for x in arr[]   def   search  (  arr     x  ):   lo   =   0   hi   =   len  (  arr  )   -   1   while   lo    <=   hi  :   mid   =   (  lo   +   hi  )   //   2   if   x   ==   arr  [  mid  ]:   return   True   if   x    <   arr  [  mid  ]:   hi   =   mid   -   1   else  :   lo   =   mid   +   1   return   False   # function to search element x in fully    # sorted matrix   def   searchMatrix  (  mat     x  ):   n   =   len  (  mat  )   m   =   len  (  mat  [  0  ])   lo   =   0   hi   =   n   -   1   row   =   -  1   while   lo    <=   hi  :   mid   =   (  lo   +   hi  )   //   2   # if the first element of mid row is equal to x   # return true   if   x   ==   mat  [  mid  ][  0  ]:   return   True   # if x is greater than first element of mid row   # store the mid row and search in lower half   if   x   >   mat  [  mid  ][  0  ]:   row   =   mid   lo   =   mid   +   1   # if x is smaller than first element of mid row   # search in upper half   else  :   hi   =   mid   -   1   # if x is smaller than all elements of mat[][]   if   row   ==   -  1  :   return   False   return   search  (  mat  [  row  ]   x  )   if   __name__   ==   '__main__'  :   mat   =   [[  1     5     9  ]   [  14     20     21  ]   [  30     34     43  ]]   x   =   14   if   searchMatrix  (  mat     x  ):   print  (  'true'  )   else  :   print  (  'false'  )   
C#
   using     System  ;   class     GfG     {          // function to binary search for x in arr[]      static     bool     Search  (  int  []     arr       int     x  )     {      int     lo     =     0       hi     =     arr  .  Length     -     1  ;      while     (  lo      <=     hi  )     {      int     mid     =     (  lo     +     hi  )     /     2  ;      if     (  x     ==     arr  [  mid  ])      return     true  ;      if     (  x      <     arr  [  mid  ])      hi     =     mid     -     1  ;      else      lo     =     mid     +     1  ;      }      return     false  ;      }          // function to search element x in fully       // sorted matrix      static     bool     SearchMatrix  (  int  [][]     mat       int     x  )     {      int     n     =     mat  .  Length       m     =     mat  [  0  ].  Length  ;      int     lo     =     0       hi     =     n     -     1  ;      int     row     =     -  1  ;      while     (  lo      <=     hi  )     {      int     mid     =     (  lo     +     hi  )     /     2  ;      // if the first element of mid row is equal to x      // return true      if     (  x     ==     mat  [  mid  ][  0  ])      return     true  ;      // if x is greater than first element of mid row      // store the mid row and search in lower half      if     (  x     >     mat  [  mid  ][  0  ])     {      row     =     mid  ;      lo     =     mid     +     1  ;      }      // if x is smaller than first element of mid row      // search in upper half      else      hi     =     mid     -     1  ;      }      // if x is smaller than all elements of mat[][]      if     (  row     ==     -  1  )      return     false  ;      return     Search  (  mat  [  row  ]     x  );      }      static     void     Main  (  string  []     args  )     {      int  [][]     mat     =     new     int  [][]     {      new     int  []     {  1       5       9  }      new     int  []     {  14       20       21  }      new     int  []     {  30       34       43  }      };      int     x     =     14  ;      if     (  SearchMatrix  (  mat       x  ))      Console  .  WriteLine  (  'true'  );      else      Console  .  WriteLine  (  'false'  );      }   }   
JavaScript
   // function to binary search for x in arr[]   function     search  (  arr       x  )     {      let     lo     =     0       hi     =     arr  .  length     -     1  ;      while     (  lo      <=     hi  )     {      let     mid     =     Math  .  floor  ((  lo     +     hi  )     /     2  );      if     (  x     ===     arr  [  mid  ])      return     true  ;      if     (  x      <     arr  [  mid  ])      hi     =     mid     -     1  ;      else      lo     =     mid     +     1  ;      }      return     false  ;   }   // function to search element x in fully    // sorted matrix   function     searchMatrix  (  mat       x  )     {      let     n     =     mat  .  length       m     =     mat  [  0  ].  length  ;      let     lo     =     0       hi     =     n     -     1  ;      let     row     =     -  1  ;      while     (  lo      <=     hi  )     {      let     mid     =     Math  .  floor  ((  lo     +     hi  )     /     2  );      // if the first element of mid row is equal to x      // return true      if     (  x     ===     mat  [  mid  ][  0  ])      return     true  ;      // if x is greater than first element of mid row      // store the mid row and search in lower half      if     (  x     >     mat  [  mid  ][  0  ])     {      row     =     mid  ;      lo     =     mid     +     1  ;      }      // if x is smaller than first element of mid row      // search in upper half      else      hi     =     mid     -     1  ;      }      // if x is smaller than all elements of mat[][]      if     (  row     ===     -  1  )      return     false  ;      return     search  (  mat  [  row  ]     x  );   }   // Driver code   const     mat     =     [      [  1       5       9  ]      [  14       20       21  ]      [  30       34       43  ]   ];   const     x     =     14  ;   if     (  searchMatrix  (  mat       x  ))      console  .  log  (  'true'  );   else      console  .  log  (  'false'  );   

산출
true 

[예상 접근법] 이진 검색을 한 번만 사용 - O(log(n × m)) 및 O(1) 공간

아이디어는 주어진 행렬을 1D 배열로 간주하고 하나의 이진 검색만 적용하는 것입니다.
예를 들어 n x m 크기의 행렬의 경우 이를 n*m 크기의 1D 배열로 간주하면 첫 번째 인덱스는 0이 되고 마지막 인덱스는 n*m-1이 됩니다. 따라서 low = 0부터 high = (n*m-1)까지 이진 검색을 수행해야 합니다.

index = mid에 해당하는 2D 행렬의 요소를 찾는 방법은 무엇입니까?

mat[][]의 각 행에는 m개의 요소가 있으므로 다음을 찾을 수 있습니다. 요소의 (중/m) 그리고 요소의 (중간%m) . 그런 다음 x를 각 mid에 대해 arr[mid/m][mid%m]과 비교하고 이진 검색을 완료할 수 있습니다.

C++
   #include          #include         using     namespace     std  ;   bool     searchMatrix  (  vector   <  vector   <  int  >>&     mat       int     x  )     {      int     n     =     mat  .  size  ()     m     =     mat  [  0  ].  size  ();      int     lo     =     0       hi     =     n     *     m     -     1  ;      while     (  lo      <=     hi  )     {      int     mid     =     (  lo     +     hi  )     /     2  ;          // find row and column of element at mid index      int     row     =     mid     /     m  ;      int     col     =     mid     %     m  ;          // if x is found return true      if     (  mat  [  row  ][  col  ]     ==     x  )         return     true  ;          // if x is greater than mat[row][col] search       // in right half      if     (  mat  [  row  ][  col  ]      <     x  )         lo     =     mid     +     1  ;          // if x is less than mat[row][col] search       // in left half      else         hi     =     mid     -     1  ;      }      return     false  ;   }   int     main  ()     {      vector   <  vector   <  int  >>     mat     =     {{  1       5       9  }         {  14       20       21  }         {  30       34       43  }};      int     x     =     14  ;      if     (  searchMatrix  (  mat       x  ))      cout      < <     'true'  ;      else      cout      < <     'false'  ;      return     0  ;   }   
Java
   class   GfG     {      static     boolean     searchMatrix  (  int  [][]     mat       int     x  )     {      int     n     =     mat  .  length       m     =     mat  [  0  ]  .  length  ;      int     lo     =     0       hi     =     n     *     m     -     1  ;      while     (  lo      <=     hi  )     {      int     mid     =     (  lo     +     hi  )     /     2  ;      // find row and column of element at mid index      int     row     =     mid     /     m  ;      int     col     =     mid     %     m  ;      // if x is found return true      if     (  mat  [  row  ][  col  ]     ==     x  )      return     true  ;      // if x is greater than mat[row][col] search       // in right half      if     (  mat  [  row  ][  col  ]      <     x  )      lo     =     mid     +     1  ;      // if x is less than mat[row][col] search       // in left half      else      hi     =     mid     -     1  ;      }      return     false  ;      }      public     static     void     main  (  String  []     args  )     {      int  [][]     mat     =     {{  1       5       9  }         {  14       20       21  }         {  30       34       43  }};      int     x     =     14  ;      if     (  searchMatrix  (  mat       x  ))      System  .  out  .  println  (  'true'  );      else      System  .  out  .  println  (  'false'  );      }   }   
Python
   def   searchMatrix  (  mat     x  ):   n   =   len  (  mat  )   m   =   len  (  mat  [  0  ])   lo     hi   =   0     n   *   m   -   1   while   lo    <=   hi  :   mid   =   (  lo   +   hi  )   //   2   # find row and column of element at mid index   row   =   mid   //   m   col   =   mid   %   m   # if x is found return true   if   mat  [  row  ][  col  ]   ==   x  :   return   True   # if x is greater than mat[row][col] search    # in right half   if   mat  [  row  ][  col  ]    <   x  :   lo   =   mid   +   1   # if x is less than mat[row][col] search    # in left half   else  :   hi   =   mid   -   1   return   False   if   __name__   ==   '__main__'  :   mat   =   [[  1     5     9  ]   [  14     20     21  ]   [  30     34     43  ]]   x   =   14   if   searchMatrix  (  mat     x  ):   print  (  'true'  )   else  :   print  (  'false'  )   
C#
   using     System  ;   class     GfG     {          // function to search for x in the matrix       // using binary search      static     bool     searchMatrix  (  int  []     mat       int     x  )     {      int     n     =     mat  .  GetLength  (  0  )     m     =     mat  .  GetLength  (  1  );      int     lo     =     0       hi     =     n     *     m     -     1  ;      while     (  lo      <=     hi  )     {      int     mid     =     (  lo     +     hi  )     /     2  ;      // find row and column of element at mid index      int     row     =     mid     /     m  ;      int     col     =     mid     %     m  ;      // if x is found return true      if     (  mat  [  row       col  ]     ==     x  )      return     true  ;      // if x is greater than mat[row col] search      // in right half      if     (  mat  [  row       col  ]      <     x  )      lo     =     mid     +     1  ;      // if x is less than mat[row col] search       // in left half      else      hi     =     mid     -     1  ;      }      return     false  ;      }      static     void     Main  ()     {      int  []     mat     =     {     {     1       5       9     }     {     14       20       21     }     {     30       34       43     }     };      int     x     =     14  ;      if     (  searchMatrix  (  mat       x  ))      Console  .  WriteLine  (  'true'  );      else      Console  .  WriteLine  (  'false'  );      }   }   
JavaScript
   function     searchMatrix  (  mat       x  )     {      let     n     =     mat  .  length       m     =     mat  [  0  ].  length  ;      let     lo     =     0       hi     =     n     *     m     -     1  ;      while     (  lo      <=     hi  )     {      let     mid     =     Math  .  floor  ((  lo     +     hi  )     /     2  );      // find row and column of element at mid index      let     row     =     Math  .  floor  (  mid     /     m  );      let     col     =     mid     %     m  ;      // if x is found return true      if     (  mat  [  row  ][  col  ]     ===     x  )      return     true  ;      // if x is greater than mat[row][col] search       // in right half      if     (  mat  [  row  ][  col  ]      <     x  )      lo     =     mid     +     1  ;      // if x is less than mat[row][col] search       // in left half      else      hi     =     mid     -     1  ;      }      return     false  ;   }   // Driver Code   let     mat     =     [[  1       5       9  ]     [  14       20       21  ]     [  30       34       43  ]];   let     x     =     14  ;   if     (  searchMatrix  (  mat       x  ))      console  .  log  (  'true'  );   else      console  .  log  (  'false'  );   

산출
true 
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