ソートされた行列内の要素を検索する
ソートされた行列が与えられた場合 とともに[][] サイズ n × m および整数 × x が行列内に存在するかどうかを判断します。
行列は次のように並べ替えられます。
- 各行は昇順に並べ替えられます。
- 各行の最初の要素が前の行の最後の要素以上である
(つまり、すべての 1 ≤ i に対して mat[i][0] ≥ mat[i−1][m−1] < n).
例:
入力： x = 14 マット[][] = [[ 1 5 9]
[14 20 21]
[30 34 43]]
出力： 真実
説明： 値14は行列の 2 行目の 1 列目に存在します。入力： x = 42 マット[][] = [[ 1 5 9 11]
[14 20 21 26]
[30 34 43 50]]
出力： 間違い
説明： 値42マトリックスには登場しません。
目次
- [素朴なアプローチ] すべての要素で比較 – O(n × m) 時間と O(1) 空間
- [より良いアプローチ] 二分探索を 2 回使用する - O(log n + log m) 時間と O(1) 空間
- [想定されるアプローチ] 二分探索を 1 回使用 - O(log(n × m)) および O(1) 空間
[素朴なアプローチ] すべての要素で比較 – O(n × m) 時間と O(1) 空間
C++考え方は、行列 mat[][] 全体を反復処理し、各要素を x と比較することです。要素が x に一致する場合、true を返します。それ以外の場合は、トラバースの終了時に false を返します。
#include #include using namespace std ; bool searchMatrix ( vector < vector < int >>& mat int x ) { int n = mat . size (); int m = mat [ 0 ]. size (); // traverse every element in the matrix for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ ) { for ( int j = 0 ; j < m ; j ++ ) { if ( mat [ i ][ j ] == x ) return true ; } } return false ; } int main () { vector < vector < int >> mat = { { 1 5 9 } { 14 20 21 } { 30 34 43 } }; int x = 14 ; cout < < ( searchMatrix ( mat x ) ? 'true' : 'false' ) < < endl ; }
Java class GfG { public static boolean searchMatrix ( int [][] mat int x ) { int n = mat . length ; int m = mat [ 0 ] . length ; // traverse every element in the matrix for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ ) { for ( int j = 0 ; j < m ; j ++ ) { if ( mat [ i ][ j ] == x ) return true ; } } return false ; } public static void main ( String [] args ) { int [][] mat = { { 1 5 9 } { 14 20 21 } { 30 34 43 } }; int x = 14 ; System . out . println ( searchMatrix ( mat x ) ? 'true' : 'false' ); } }
Python def searchMatrix ( mat x ): n = len ( mat ) m = len ( mat [ 0 ]) # traverse every element in the matrix for i in range ( n ): for j in range ( m ): if mat [ i ][ j ] == x : return True return False if __name__ == '__main__' : mat = [ [ 1 5 9 ] [ 14 20 21 ] [ 30 34 43 ] ] x = 14 print ( 'true' if searchMatrix ( mat x ) else 'false' )
C# using System ; class GfG { public static bool searchMatrix ( int [][] mat int x ) { int n = mat . Length ; int m = mat [ 0 ]. Length ; // traverse every element in the matrix for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ ) { for ( int j = 0 ; j < m ; j ++ ) { if ( mat [ i ][ j ] == x ) return true ; } } return false ; } public static void Main ( string [] args ) { int [][] mat = new int [][] { new int [] { 1 5 9 } new int [] { 14 20 21 } new int [] { 30 34 43 } }; int x = 14 ; Console . WriteLine ( searchMatrix ( mat x ) ? 'true' : 'false' ); } }
JavaScript function searchMatrix ( mat x ) { let n = mat . length ; let m = mat [ 0 ]. length ; // traverse every element in the matrix for ( let i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ ) { for ( let j = 0 ; j < m ; j ++ ) { if ( mat [ i ][ j ] === x ) return true ; } } return false ; } // Driver Code let mat = [ [ 1 5 9 ] [ 14 20 21 ] [ 30 34 43 ] ]; let x = 14 ; console . log ( searchMatrix ( mat x ) ? 'true' : 'false' );
出力
true
[より良いアプローチ] 二分探索を 2 回使用する - O(log n + log m) 時間と O(1) 空間
まず、二分探索を使用してターゲット x が存在する可能性のある行を特定し、次にその行内で再度二分探索を適用します。正しい行を見つけるために、中央の行の最初の要素に対して二分検索を実行します。
段階的な実装:
=> 低 = 0 および高 = n - 1 から開始します。
=> x が中央の行の最初の要素 (a[mid][0]) より小さい場合、x は Mid 以降の行のすべての要素よりも小さいため、high = Mid - 1 を更新します。
=> x が中央の行 (a[mid][0]) の最初の要素より大きい場合、x は行内のすべての要素より大きくなります。 < mid so store the current mid row and update low = mid + 1.
正しい行が見つかったら、その行内で二分検索を適用してターゲット要素 x を検索できます。
C++ #include #include using namespace std ; // function to binary search for x in arr[] bool search ( vector < int > & arr int x ) { int lo = 0 hi = arr . size () - 1 ; while ( lo <= hi ) { int mid = ( lo + hi ) / 2 ; if ( x == arr [ mid ]) return true ; if ( x < arr [ mid ]) hi = mid - 1 ; else lo = mid + 1 ; } return false ; } // function to search element x in fully // sorted matrix bool searchMatrix ( vector < vector < int >> & mat int x ) { int n = mat . size () m = mat [ 0 ]. size (); int lo = 0 hi = n - 1 ; int row = -1 ; while ( lo <= hi ) { int mid = ( lo + hi ) / 2 ; // if the first element of mid row is equal to x // return true if ( x == mat [ mid ][ 0 ]) return true ; // if x is greater than first element of mid row // store the mid row and search in lower half if ( x > mat [ mid ][ 0 ]) { row = mid ; lo = mid + 1 ; } // if x is smaller than first element of mid row // search in upper half else hi = mid - 1 ; } // if x is smaller than all elements of mat[][] if ( row == -1 ) return false ; return search ( mat [ row ] x ); } int main () { vector < vector < int >> mat = {{ 1 5 9 } { 14 20 21 } { 30 34 43 }}; int x = 14 ; if ( searchMatrix ( mat x )) cout < < 'true' ; else cout < < 'false' ; return 0 ; }
Java class GfG { // function to binary search for x in arr[] static boolean search ( int [] arr int x ) { int lo = 0 hi = arr . length - 1 ; while ( lo <= hi ) { int mid = ( lo + hi ) / 2 ; if ( x == arr [ mid ] ) return true ; if ( x < arr [ mid ] ) hi = mid - 1 ; else lo = mid + 1 ; } return false ; } // function to search element x in fully // sorted matrix static boolean searchMatrix ( int [][] mat int x ) { int n = mat . length m = mat [ 0 ] . length ; int lo = 0 hi = n - 1 ; int row = - 1 ; while ( lo <= hi ) { int mid = ( lo + hi ) / 2 ; // if the first element of mid row is equal to x // return true if ( x == mat [ mid ][ 0 ] ) return true ; // if x is greater than first element of mid row // store the mid row and search in lower half if ( x > mat [ mid ][ 0 ] ) { row = mid ; lo = mid + 1 ; } // if x is smaller than first element of mid row // search in upper half else hi = mid - 1 ; } // if x is smaller than all elements of mat[][] if ( row == - 1 ) return false ; return search ( mat [ row ] x ); } public static void main ( String [] args ) { int [][] mat = { { 1 5 9 } { 14 20 21 } { 30 34 43 } }; int x = 14 ; if ( searchMatrix ( mat x )) System . out . println ( 'true' ); else System . out . println ( 'false' ); } }
Python # function to binary search for x in arr[] def search ( arr x ): lo = 0 hi = len ( arr ) - 1 while lo <= hi : mid = ( lo + hi ) // 2 if x == arr [ mid ]: return True if x < arr [ mid ]: hi = mid - 1 else : lo = mid + 1 return False # function to search element x in fully # sorted matrix def searchMatrix ( mat x ): n = len ( mat ) m = len ( mat [ 0 ]) lo = 0 hi = n - 1 row = - 1 while lo <= hi : mid = ( lo + hi ) // 2 # if the first element of mid row is equal to x # return true if x == mat [ mid ][ 0 ]: return True # if x is greater than first element of mid row # store the mid row and search in lower half if x > mat [ mid ][ 0 ]: row = mid lo = mid + 1 # if x is smaller than first element of mid row # search in upper half else : hi = mid - 1 # if x is smaller than all elements of mat[][] if row == - 1 : return False return search ( mat [ row ] x ) if __name__ == '__main__' : mat = [[ 1 5 9 ] [ 14 20 21 ] [ 30 34 43 ]] x = 14 if searchMatrix ( mat x ): print ( 'true' ) else : print ( 'false' )
C# using System ; class GfG { // function to binary search for x in arr[] static bool Search ( int [] arr int x ) { int lo = 0 hi = arr . Length - 1 ; while ( lo <= hi ) { int mid = ( lo + hi ) / 2 ; if ( x == arr [ mid ]) return true ; if ( x < arr [ mid ]) hi = mid - 1 ; else lo = mid + 1 ; } return false ; } // function to search element x in fully // sorted matrix static bool SearchMatrix ( int [][] mat int x ) { int n = mat . Length m = mat [ 0 ]. Length ; int lo = 0 hi = n - 1 ; int row = - 1 ; while ( lo <= hi ) { int mid = ( lo + hi ) / 2 ; // if the first element of mid row is equal to x // return true if ( x == mat [ mid ][ 0 ]) return true ; // if x is greater than first element of mid row // store the mid row and search in lower half if ( x > mat [ mid ][ 0 ]) { row = mid ; lo = mid + 1 ; } // if x is smaller than first element of mid row // search in upper half else hi = mid - 1 ; } // if x is smaller than all elements of mat[][] if ( row == - 1 ) return false ; return Search ( mat [ row ] x ); } static void Main ( string [] args ) { int [][] mat = new int [][] { new int [] { 1 5 9 } new int [] { 14 20 21 } new int [] { 30 34 43 } }; int x = 14 ; if ( SearchMatrix ( mat x )) Console . WriteLine ( 'true' ); else Console . WriteLine ( 'false' ); } }
JavaScript // function to binary search for x in arr[] function search ( arr x ) { let lo = 0 hi = arr . length - 1 ; while ( lo <= hi ) { let mid = Math . floor (( lo + hi ) / 2 ); if ( x === arr [ mid ]) return true ; if ( x < arr [ mid ]) hi = mid - 1 ; else lo = mid + 1 ; } return false ; } // function to search element x in fully // sorted matrix function searchMatrix ( mat x ) { let n = mat . length m = mat [ 0 ]. length ; let lo = 0 hi = n - 1 ; let row = - 1 ; while ( lo <= hi ) { let mid = Math . floor (( lo + hi ) / 2 ); // if the first element of mid row is equal to x // return true if ( x === mat [ mid ][ 0 ]) return true ; // if x is greater than first element of mid row // store the mid row and search in lower half if ( x > mat [ mid ][ 0 ]) { row = mid ; lo = mid + 1 ; } // if x is smaller than first element of mid row // search in upper half else hi = mid - 1 ; } // if x is smaller than all elements of mat[][] if ( row === - 1 ) return false ; return search ( mat [ row ] x ); } // Driver code const mat = [ [ 1 5 9 ] [ 14 20 21 ] [ 30 34 43 ] ]; const x = 14 ; if ( searchMatrix ( mat x )) console . log ( 'true' ); else console . log ( 'false' );
出力
true
[想定されるアプローチ] 二分探索を 1 回使用 - O(log(n × m)) および O(1) 空間
このアイデアは、指定された行列を 1D 配列と見なし、二分探索を 1 回だけ適用することです。
たとえば、サイズが n x m の行列の場合、それをサイズ n*m の 1D 配列とみなすことができ、最初のインデックスは 0 になり、最後のインデックスは n*m-1 になります。したがって、low = 0 から high = (n*m-1) まで二分探索を行う必要があります。
2D行列でindex = Midに対応する要素を見つけるにはどうすればよいですか?
C++mat[][] の各行には m 個の要素があるため、 行 要素の (ミッド/メートル) そして カラム 要素の (中間%m) 。次に、各 Mid について x を arr[mid/m][mid%m] と比較し、二分探索を完了します。
#include #include using namespace std ; bool searchMatrix ( vector < vector < int >>& mat int x ) { int n = mat . size () m = mat [ 0 ]. size (); int lo = 0 hi = n * m - 1 ; while ( lo <= hi ) { int mid = ( lo + hi ) / 2 ; // find row and column of element at mid index int row = mid / m ; int col = mid % m ; // if x is found return true if ( mat [ row ][ col ] == x ) return true ; // if x is greater than mat[row][col] search // in right half if ( mat [ row ][ col ] < x ) lo = mid + 1 ; // if x is less than mat[row][col] search // in left half else hi = mid - 1 ; } return false ; } int main () { vector < vector < int >> mat = {{ 1 5 9 } { 14 20 21 } { 30 34 43 }}; int x = 14 ; if ( searchMatrix ( mat x )) cout < < 'true' ; else cout < < 'false' ; return 0 ; }
Java class GfG { static boolean searchMatrix ( int [][] mat int x ) { int n = mat . length m = mat [ 0 ] . length ; int lo = 0 hi = n * m - 1 ; while ( lo <= hi ) { int mid = ( lo + hi ) / 2 ; // find row and column of element at mid index int row = mid / m ; int col = mid % m ; // if x is found return true if ( mat [ row ][ col ] == x ) return true ; // if x is greater than mat[row][col] search // in right half if ( mat [ row ][ col ] < x ) lo = mid + 1 ; // if x is less than mat[row][col] search // in left half else hi = mid - 1 ; } return false ; } public static void main ( String [] args ) { int [][] mat = {{ 1 5 9 } { 14 20 21 } { 30 34 43 }}; int x = 14 ; if ( searchMatrix ( mat x )) System . out . println ( 'true' ); else System . out . println ( 'false' ); } }
Python def searchMatrix ( mat x ): n = len ( mat ) m = len ( mat [ 0 ]) lo hi = 0 n * m - 1 while lo <= hi : mid = ( lo + hi ) // 2 # find row and column of element at mid index row = mid // m col = mid % m # if x is found return true if mat [ row ][ col ] == x : return True # if x is greater than mat[row][col] search # in right half if mat [ row ][ col ] < x : lo = mid + 1 # if x is less than mat[row][col] search # in left half else : hi = mid - 1 return False if __name__ == '__main__' : mat = [[ 1 5 9 ] [ 14 20 21 ] [ 30 34 43 ]] x = 14 if searchMatrix ( mat x ): print ( 'true' ) else : print ( 'false' )
C# using System ; class GfG { // function to search for x in the matrix // using binary search static bool searchMatrix ( int [] mat int x ) { int n = mat . GetLength ( 0 ) m = mat . GetLength ( 1 ); int lo = 0 hi = n * m - 1 ; while ( lo <= hi ) { int mid = ( lo + hi ) / 2 ; // find row and column of element at mid index int row = mid / m ; int col = mid % m ; // if x is found return true if ( mat [ row col ] == x ) return true ; // if x is greater than mat[row col] search // in right half if ( mat [ row col ] < x ) lo = mid + 1 ; // if x is less than mat[row col] search // in left half else hi = mid - 1 ; } return false ; } static void Main () { int [] mat = { { 1 5 9 } { 14 20 21 } { 30 34 43 } }; int x = 14 ; if ( searchMatrix ( mat x )) Console . WriteLine ( 'true' ); else Console . WriteLine ( 'false' ); } }
JavaScript function searchMatrix ( mat x ) { let n = mat . length m = mat [ 0 ]. length ; let lo = 0 hi = n * m - 1 ; while ( lo <= hi ) { let mid = Math . floor (( lo + hi ) / 2 ); // find row and column of element at mid index let row = Math . floor ( mid / m ); let col = mid % m ; // if x is found return true if ( mat [ row ][ col ] === x ) return true ; // if x is greater than mat[row][col] search // in right half if ( mat [ row ][ col ] < x ) lo = mid + 1 ; // if x is less than mat[row][col] search // in left half else hi = mid - 1 ; } return false ; } // Driver Code let mat = [[ 1 5 9 ] [ 14 20 21 ] [ 30 34 43 ]]; let x = 14 ; if ( searchMatrix ( mat x )) console . log ( 'true' ); else console . log ( 'false' );
出力
trueクイズの作成
