Stampa i primi n numeri con esattamente due bit impostati

Dato un numero n stampa prima n interi positivi con esattamente due bit impostati nella loro rappresentazione binaria.
Esempi:

 Input: n = 3   
Output: 3 5 6
The first 3 numbers with two set bits are 3 (0011)
5 (0101) and 6 (0110)
Input: n = 5
Output: 3 5 6 9 10 12

UN Soluzione semplice consiste nel considerare tutti gli interi positivi uno per uno a partire da 1. Per ogni numero verificare se ha esattamente due set di bit. Se un numero ha esattamente due bit impostati, stampalo e incrementa il conteggio di tali numeri.
UN Soluzione efficiente è generare direttamente tali numeri. Se osserviamo chiaramente i numeri possiamo riscriverli come indicato di seguito pow(21)+pow(20) pow(22)+pow(20) pow(22)+pow(21) pow(23)+pow(20) pow(23)+pow(21) pow(23)+pow(22) .........
Tutti i numeri possono essere generati in ordine crescente in base al maggiore dei due bit impostati. L'idea è di correggere il più alto dei due bit uno per uno. Per l'attuale bit impostato più alto, considera tutti i bit più bassi e stampa i numeri formati.

C++
   // C++ program to print first n numbers   // with exactly two set bits   #include          using     namespace     std  ;   // Prints first n numbers with two set bits   void     printTwoSetBitNums  (  int     n  )   {      // Initialize higher of two sets bits      int     x     =     1  ;      // Keep reducing n for every number      // with two set bits.      while     (  n     >     0  )      {      // Consider all lower set bits for      // current higher set bit      int     y     =     0  ;      while     (  y      <     x  )      {      // Print current number      cout      < <     (  1      < <     x  )     +     (  1      < <     y  )      < <     ' '  ;      // If we have found n numbers      n  --  ;      if     (  n     ==     0  )      return  ;      // Consider next lower bit for current      // higher bit.      y  ++  ;      }      // Increment higher set bit      x  ++  ;      }   }   // Driver code   int     main  ()   {      printTwoSetBitNums  (  4  );      return     0  ;   }   
Java
   // Java program to print first n numbers   // with exactly two set bits   import     java.io.*  ;   class   GFG      {      // Function to print first n numbers with two set bits      static     void     printTwoSetBitNums  (  int     n  )      {      // Initialize higher of two sets bits      int     x     =     1  ;          // Keep reducing n for every number      // with two set bits      while     (  n     >     0  )      {      // Consider all lower set bits for      // current higher set bit      int     y     =     0  ;      while     (  y      <     x  )      {      // Print current number      System  .  out  .  print  (((  1      < <     x  )     +     (  1      < <     y  ))     +  ' '  );          // If we have found n numbers      n  --  ;      if     (  n     ==     0  )      return  ;          // Consider next lower bit for current      // higher bit.      y  ++  ;      }          // Increment higher set bit      x  ++  ;      }      }          // Driver program      public     static     void     main     (  String  []     args  )         {      int     n     =     4  ;      printTwoSetBitNums  (  n  );      }   }   // This code is contributed by Pramod Kumar   
Python3
   # Python3 program to print first n    # numbers with exactly two set bits    # Prints first n numbers    # with two set bits    def   printTwoSetBitNums  (  n  )   :   # Initialize higher of   # two sets bits    x   =   1   # Keep reducing n for every    # number with two set bits.    while   (  n   >   0  )   :   # Consider all lower set bits    # for current higher set bit    y   =   0   while   (  y    <   x  )   :   # Print current number    print  ((  1    < <   x  )   +   (  1    < <   y  )   end   =   ' '   )   # If we have found n numbers    n   -=   1   if   (  n   ==   0  )   :   return   # Consider next lower bit    # for current higher bit.    y   +=   1   # Increment higher set bit    x   +=   1   # Driver code    printTwoSetBitNums  (  4  )   # This code is contributed    # by Smitha   
C#
   // C# program to print first n numbers   // with exactly two set bits   using     System  ;   class     GFG         {          // Function to print first n      // numbers with two set bits      static     void     printTwoSetBitNums  (  int     n  )      {          // Initialize higher of       // two sets bits      int     x     =     1  ;          // Keep reducing n for every      // number with two set bits      while     (  n     >     0  )      {          // Consider all lower set bits       // for current higher set bit      int     y     =     0  ;      while     (  y      <     x  )      {          // Print current number      Console  .  Write  (((  1      < <     x  )     +      (  1      < <     y  ))     +  ' '  );          // If we have found n numbers      n  --  ;      if     (  n     ==     0  )      return  ;          // Consider next lower bit       // for current higher bit.      y  ++  ;      }          // Increment higher set bit      x  ++  ;      }      }          // Driver program      public     static     void     Main  ()         {      int     n     =     4  ;      printTwoSetBitNums  (  n  );      }   }       // This code is contributed by Anant Agarwal.   
JavaScript
    <  script  >   // Javascript program to print first n numbers   // with exactly two set bits   // Prints first n numbers with two set bits   function     printTwoSetBitNums  (  n  )   {      // Initialize higher of two sets bits      let     x     =     1  ;      // Keep reducing n for every number      // with two set bits.      while     (  n     >     0  )      {          // Consider all lower set bits for      // current higher set bit      let     y     =     0  ;      while     (  y      <     x  )      {          // Print current number      document  .  write  ((  1      < <     x  )     +     (  1      < <     y  )     +     ' '  );      // If we have found n numbers      n  --  ;      if     (  n     ==     0  )      return  ;      // Consider next lower bit for current      // higher bit.      y  ++  ;      }      // Increment higher set bit      x  ++  ;      }   }   // Driver code   printTwoSetBitNums  (  4  );   // This code is contributed by Mayank Tyagi    <  /script>   
PHP
      // PHP program to print    // first n numbers with    // exactly two set bits   // Prints first n numbers    // with two set bits   function   printTwoSetBitNums  (  $n  )   {   // Initialize higher of   // two sets bits   $x   =   1  ;   // Keep reducing n for    // every number with    // two set bits.   while   (  $n   >   0  )   {   // Consider all lower set    // bits for current higher    // set bit   $y   =   0  ;   while   (  $y    <   $x  )   {   // Print current number   echo   (  1    < <   $x  )   +   (  1    < <   $y  )   ' '  ;   // If we have found n numbers   $n  --  ;   if   (  $n   ==   0  )   return  ;   // Consider next lower    // bit for current    // higher bit.   $y  ++  ;   }   // Increment higher set bit   $x  ++  ;   }   }   // Driver code   printTwoSetBitNums  (  4  );   // This code is contributed by Ajit   ?>   

Produzione :  
 

 3 5 6 9   


Complessità temporale: SU)

Spazio ausiliario: O(1)

Approccio n. 2: utilizzare while e join


L'approccio consiste nel partire dall'intero 3 e verificare se il numero di bit impostati nella sua rappresentazione binaria è uguale a 2 oppure no. Se ha esattamente 2 bit impostati, aggiungilo all'elenco dei numeri con 2 bit impostati finché l'elenco non avrà n elementi.

Algoritmo

1. Inizializzare una lista vuota res per memorizzare gli interi con esattamente due bit impostati.
2. Inizializzare una variabile intera da i a 3.
3. Mentre la lunghezza dell'elenco res è inferiore a n, procedere come segue:
UN. Controlla se il numero di bit impostati nella rappresentazione binaria di i è uguale a 2 o meno utilizzando il metodo count() della stringa.
B. Se il numero di bit impostati è uguale a 2 allora aggiungi i alla lista res.
C. Incrementa i di 1.
4. Restituisce la lista res.

C++
   #include          #include         using     namespace     std  ;   int     countSetBits  (  int     num  )     {      int     count     =     0  ;      while     (  num     >     0  )     {      count     +=     num     &     1  ;      num     >>=     1  ;      }      return     count  ;   }   vector   <  int  >     numbersWithTwoSetBits  (  int     n  )     {      vector   <  int  >     res  ;      int     i     =     3  ;      while     (  res  .  size  ()      <     n  )     {      if     (  countSetBits  (  i  )     ==     2  )     {      res  .  push_back  (  i  );      }      i  ++  ;      }      return     res  ;   }   int     main  ()     {      int     n     =     3  ;      vector   <  int  >     result     =     numbersWithTwoSetBits  (  n  );      cout      < <     'Result: '  ;      for     (  int     i     =     0  ;     i      <     result  .  size  ();     i  ++  )     {      cout      < <     result  [  i  ]      < <     ' '  ;      }      cout      < <     endl  ;      return     0  ;   }   
Java
   // Java program for the above approach   import     java.util.ArrayList  ;   import     java.util.List  ;   public     class   GFG     {      // Function to count the number of set bits (binary 1s)      // in an integer      static     int     countSetBits  (  int     num  )      {      int     count     =     0  ;      while     (  num     >     0  )     {      count     +=     num     &     1  ;     // Increment count if the last      // bit is set (1)      num     >>=     1  ;     // Right shift to check the next bit      }      return     count  ;      }      // Function to generate 'n' numbers with exactly two set      // bits in their binary representation      static     List   <  Integer  >     numbersWithTwoSetBits  (  int     n  )      {      List   <  Integer  >     res     =     new     ArrayList   <>  ();      int     i     =     3  ;     // Start from 3 as the first number with      // two set bits      while     (  res  .  size  ()      <     n  )     {      if     (  countSetBits  (  i  )      ==     2  )     {     // Check if the number has exactly      // two set bits      res  .  add  (      i  );     // Add the number to the result list      }      i  ++  ;     // Move to the next number      }      return     res  ;      }      public     static     void     main  (  String  []     args  )      {      int     n     =     3  ;     // Number of numbers with two set bits to      // generate      List   <  Integer  >     result     =     numbersWithTwoSetBits  (      n  );     // Get the generated numbers      for     (  int     num     :     result  )     {      System  .  out  .  print  (      num     +     ' '  );     // Display the generated numbers      }      System  .  out  .  println  ();      }   }   // This code is contributed by Susobhan Akhuli   
Python3
   def   numbersWithTwoSetBits  (  n  ):   res   =   []   i   =   3   while   len  (  res  )    <   n  :   if   bin  (  i  )  .  count  (  '1'  )   ==   2  :   res  .  append  (  i  )   i   +=   1   return   res   n   =   3   result   =   numbersWithTwoSetBits  (  n  )   output_string   =   ' '  .  join  (  str  (  x  )   for   x   in   result  )   print  (  output_string  )   
C#
   using     System  ;   using     System.Collections.Generic  ;   class     Program   {      // Function to count the number of set bits (binary 1s) in an integer      static     int     CountSetBits  (  int     num  )      {      int     count     =     0  ;      while     (  num     >     0  )      {      count     +=     num     &     1  ;     // Increment count if the last bit is set (1)      num     >>=     1  ;     // Right shift to check the next bit      }      return     count  ;      }      // Function to generate 'n' numbers with exactly two set bits in their binary representation      static     List   <  int  >     NumbersWithTwoSetBits  (  int     n  )      {      List   <  int  >     res     =     new     List   <  int  >  ();      int     i     =     3  ;     // Start from 3 as the first number with two set bits      while     (  res  .  Count      <     n  )      {      if     (  CountSetBits  (  i  )     ==     2  )     // Check if the number has exactly two set bits      {      res  .  Add  (  i  );     // Add the number to the result list      }      i  ++  ;     // Move to the next number      }      return     res  ;      }      static     void     Main  (  string  []     args  )      {      int     n     =     3  ;     // Number of numbers with two set bits to generate      List   <  int  >     result     =     NumbersWithTwoSetBits  (  n  );     // Get the generated numbers      Console  .  Write  (  'Result: '  );      foreach     (  int     num     in     result  )      {      Console  .  Write  (  num     +     ' '  );     // Display the generated numbers      }      Console  .  WriteLine  ();      }   }   
JavaScript
   // Javascript program for the above approach   // Function to count the number of set bits (binary 1s)   // in an integer   function     countSetBits  (  num  )     {      let     count     =     0  ;      while     (  num     >     0  )     {      count     +=     num     &     1  ;     // Increment count if the last      // bit is set (1)      num     >>=     1  ;     // Right shift to check the next bit      }      return     count  ;   }   // Function to generate 'n' numbers with exactly two set   // bits in their binary representation   function     numbersWithTwoSetBits  (  n  )     {      let     res     =     [];      let     i     =     3  ;     // Start from 3 as the first number with      // two set bits      while     (  res  .  length      <     n  )     {      if     (  countSetBits  (  i  )     ===     2  )     {     // Check if the number has exactly      // two set bits      res  .  push  (  i  );     // Add the number to the result list      }      i  ++  ;     // Move to the next number      }      return     res  ;   }   // Number of numbers with two set bits to generate   let     n     =     3  ;   // Get the generated numbers   let     result     =     numbersWithTwoSetBits  (  n  );   // Display the generated numbers   console  .  log  (  result  .  join  (  ' '  ));   // This code is contributed by Susobhan Akhuli   

Produzione
3 5 6 

Complessità temporale: O(n log n) dove n è il numero di numeri interi con esattamente due bit impostati. Questo perché stiamo controllando il numero di bit impostati nella rappresentazione binaria di ciascun intero che impiega tempo O(log n).

Complessità spaziale: O(n) dove n è il numero di interi con esattamente due bit impostati. Questo perché stiamo memorizzando l'elenco dei numeri interi con due bit impostati in memoria.