Cadenas distintas con cambios pares e impares permitidos
Dada una serie de cadenas en minúsculas, la tarea es encontrar la cantidad de cadenas que son distintas. Dos cadenas son distintas si al aplicar las siguientes operaciones en una cadena no se puede formar la segunda cadena.
- Un carácter en el índice impar se puede intercambiar con otro carácter en el índice impar únicamente.
- Un carácter en un índice par se puede intercambiar con otro carácter en un índice par únicamente.
Ejemplos:
Input : arr[] = {'abcd' 'cbad' 'bacd'} Output : 2 The 2nd string can be converted to the 1st by swapping the first and third characters. So there are 2 distinct strings as the third string cannot be converted to the first. Input : arr[] = {'abc' 'cba'} Output : 1 A solución sencilla es ejecutar dos bucles. El bucle externo elige una cadena y el bucle interno verifica si hay una cadena anterior que pueda convertirse en una cadena actual realizando las transformaciones permitidas. Esta solución requiere O(n 2 m) tiempo donde n es el número de cadenas y m es el número máximo de caracteres en cualquier cadena.
Un solución eficiente genera una cadena codificada para cada cadena de entrada. El codificado tiene recuentos de caracteres pares e impares separados por un separador. Dos cadenas se consideran iguales si sus cadenas codificadas son iguales y en caso contrario no. Una vez que tenemos una manera de codificar cadenas, el problema se reduce a contar distintas cadenas codificadas. Este es un problema típico de hash. Creamos un conjunto de hash y almacenamos una por una las codificaciones de cadenas. Si ya existe una codificación, ignoramos la cadena. De lo contrario, almacenamos la codificación en hash e incrementamos el recuento de cadenas distintas.
Implementación:
C++ #include using namespace std ; int MAX_CHAR = 26 ; string encodeString ( char str [] int m ) { // hashEven stores the count of even indexed character // for each string hashOdd stores the count of odd // indexed characters for each string int hashEven [ MAX_CHAR ]; int hashOdd [ MAX_CHAR ]; memset ( hashEven 0 sizeof ( hashEven )); memset ( hashOdd 0 sizeof ( hashOdd )); // creating hash for each string for ( int i = 0 ; i < m ; i ++ ) { char c = str [ i ]; if (( i & 1 ) != 0 ) // If index of current character is odd hashOdd [ c - 'a' ] ++ ; else hashEven [ c - 'a' ] ++ ; } // For every character from 'a' to 'z' we store its // count at even position followed by a separator // followed by count at odd position. string encoding = '' ; for ( int i = 0 ; i < MAX_CHAR ; i ++ ) { encoding += ( hashEven [ i ]); encoding += ( '-' ); encoding += ( hashOdd [ i ]); encoding += ( '-' ); } return encoding ; } // This function basically uses a hashing based set to // store strings which are distinct according // to criteria given in question. int countDistinct ( string input [] int n ) { int countDist = 0 ; // Initialize result // Create an empty set and store all distinct // strings in it. set < string > s ; for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ ) { // If this encoding appears first time increment // count of distinct encodings. char char_array [ input [ i ]. length ()]; strcpy ( char_array input [ i ]. c_str ()); if ( s . find ( encodeString ( char_array input [ i ]. length ())) == s . end ()) { s . insert ( encodeString ( char_array input [ i ]. length ())); countDist ++ ; } } return countDist ; } int main () { string input [] = { 'abcd' 'acbd' 'adcb' 'cdba' 'bcda' 'badc' }; int n = sizeof ( input ) / sizeof ( input [ 0 ]); cout < < countDistinct ( input n ) < < ' n ' ; } // This code is contributed by Harshit Sharma.
Java // Java program to count distinct strings with // even odd swapping allowed. import java.util.HashSet ; import java.util.Set ; class GFG { static int MAX_CHAR = 26 ; static String encodeString ( char [] str ) { // hashEven stores the count of even indexed character // for each string hashOdd stores the count of odd // indexed characters for each string int hashEven [] = new int [ MAX_CHAR ] ; int hashOdd [] = new int [ MAX_CHAR ] ; // creating hash for each string for ( int i = 0 ; i < str . length ; i ++ ) { char c = str [ i ] ; if (( i & 1 ) != 0 ) // If index of current character is odd hashOdd [ c - 'a' ]++ ; else hashEven [ c - 'a' ]++ ; } // For every character from 'a' to 'z' we store its // count at even position followed by a separator // followed by count at odd position. String encoding = '' ; for ( int i = 0 ; i < MAX_CHAR ; i ++ ) { encoding += ( hashEven [ i ] ); encoding += ( '-' ); encoding += ( hashOdd [ i ] ); encoding += ( '-' ); } return encoding ; } // This function basically uses a hashing based set to // store strings which are distinct according // to criteria given in question. static int countDistinct ( String input [] int n ) { int countDist = 0 ; // Initialize result // Create an empty set and store all distinct // strings in it. Set < String > s = new HashSet <> (); for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ ) { // If this encoding appears first time increment // count of distinct encodings. if ( ! s . contains ( encodeString ( input [ i ] . toCharArray ()))) { s . add ( encodeString ( input [ i ] . toCharArray ())); countDist ++ ; } } return countDist ; } public static void main ( String [] args ) { String input [] = { 'abcd' 'acbd' 'adcb' 'cdba' 'bcda' 'badc' }; int n = input . length ; System . out . println ( countDistinct ( input n )); } }
Python3 # Python3 program to count distinct strings with # even odd swapping allowed. MAX_CHAR = 26 # Returns encoding of string that can be used # for hashing. The idea is to return same encoding # for strings which can become same after swapping # a even positioned character with other even characters # OR swapping an odd character with other odd characters. def encodeString ( string ): # hashEven stores the count of even indexed character # for each string hashOdd stores the count of odd # indexed characters for each string hashEven = [ 0 ] * MAX_CHAR hashOdd = [ 0 ] * MAX_CHAR # creating hash for each string for i in range ( len ( string )): c = string [ i ] if i & 1 : # If index of current character is odd hashOdd [ ord ( c ) - ord ( 'a' )] += 1 else : hashEven [ ord ( c ) - ord ( 'a' )] += 1 # For every character from 'a' to 'z' we store its # count at even position followed by a separator # followed by count at odd position. encoding = '' for i in range ( MAX_CHAR ): encoding += str ( hashEven [ i ]) encoding += str ( '-' ) encoding += str ( hashOdd [ i ]) encoding += str ( '-' ) return encoding # This function basically uses a hashing based set to # store strings which are distinct according # to criteria given in question. def countDistinct ( input n ): countDist = 0 # Initialize result # Create an empty set and store all distinct # strings in it. s = set () for i in range ( n ): # If this encoding appears first time increment # count of distinct encodings. if encodeString ( input [ i ]) not in s : s . add ( encodeString ( input [ i ])) countDist += 1 return countDist # Driver Code if __name__ == '__main__' : input = [ 'abcd' 'acbd' 'adcb' 'cdba' 'bcda' 'badc' ] n = len ( input ) print ( countDistinct ( input n )) # This code is contributed by # sanjeev2552
C# // C# program to count distinct strings with // even odd swapping allowed. using System ; using System.Collections.Generic ; class GFG { static int MAX_CHAR = 26 ; static String encodeString ( char [] str ) { // hashEven stores the count of even // indexed character for each string // hashOdd stores the count of odd // indexed characters for each string int [] hashEven = new int [ MAX_CHAR ]; int [] hashOdd = new int [ MAX_CHAR ]; // creating hash for each string for ( int i = 0 ; i < str . Length ; i ++ ) { char m = str [ i ]; // If index of current character is odd if (( i & 1 ) != 0 ) hashOdd [ m - 'a' ] ++ ; else hashEven [ m - 'a' ] ++ ; } // For every character from 'a' to 'z' // we store its count at even position // followed by a separator // followed by count at odd position. String encoding = '' ; for ( int i = 0 ; i < MAX_CHAR ; i ++ ) { encoding += ( hashEven [ i ]); encoding += ( '-' ); encoding += ( hashOdd [ i ]); encoding += ( '-' ); } return encoding ; } // This function basically uses a hashing based set // to store strings which are distinct according // to criteria given in question. static int countDistinct ( String [] input int n ) { int countDist = 0 ; // Initialize result // Create an empty set and store all distinct // strings in it. HashSet < String > s = new HashSet < String > (); for ( int i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ ) { // If this encoding appears first time // increment count of distinct encodings. if ( ! s . Contains ( encodeString ( input [ i ]. ToCharArray ()))) { s . Add ( encodeString ( input [ i ]. ToCharArray ())); countDist ++ ; } } return countDist ; } // Driver Code public static void Main ( String [] args ) { String [] input = { 'abcd' 'acbd' 'adcb' 'cdba' 'bcda' 'badc' }; int n = input . Length ; Console . WriteLine ( countDistinct ( input n )); } } // This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar
JavaScript < script > // Javascript program to count distinct strings with // even odd swapping allowed let MAX_CHAR = 26 ; function encodeString ( str ) { // hashEven stores the count of even indexed character // for each string hashOdd stores the count of odd // indexed characters for each string let hashEven = Array ( MAX_CHAR ). fill ( 0 ); let hashOdd = Array ( MAX_CHAR ). fill ( 0 ); // creating hash for each string for ( let i = 0 ; i < str . length ; i ++ ) { let c = str [ i ]; if (( i & 1 ) != 0 ) // If index of current character is odd hashOdd [ c . charCodeAt () - 'a' . charCodeAt ()] ++ ; else hashEven [ c . charCodeAt () - 'a' . charCodeAt ()] ++ ; } // For every character from 'a' to 'z' we store its // count at even position followed by a separator // followed by count at odd position. let encoding = '' ; for ( let i = 0 ; i < MAX_CHAR ; i ++ ) { encoding += ( hashEven [ i ]); encoding += ( '-' ); encoding += ( hashOdd [ i ]); encoding += ( '-' ); } return encoding ; } // This function basically uses a hashing based set to // store strings which are distinct according // to criteria given in question. function countDistinct ( input n ) { let countDist = 0 ; // Initialize result // Create an empty set and store all distinct // strings in it. let s = new Set (); for ( let i = 0 ; i < n ; i ++ ) { // If this encoding appears first time increment // count of distinct encodings. if ( ! s . has ( encodeString ( input [ i ]. split ( '' )))) { s . add ( encodeString ( input [ i ]. split ( '' ))); countDist ++ ; } } return countDist ; } // Driver program let input = [ 'abcd' 'acbd' 'adcb' 'cdba' 'bcda' 'badc' ]; let n = input . length ; document . write ( countDistinct ( input n )); < /script>
Producción
4
Complejidad del tiempo : En)
Espacio auxiliar: O(1)
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