توفر هذه الفئة طرقًا لإنشاء مثيلات URI من مكوناتها أو عن طريق تحليل نموذج السلسلة لتلك المكونات للوصول إلى المكونات المختلفة لمثيل URI واسترجاعها. ما هو URI؟ يرمز URI إلى معرف الموارد الموحد. معرف المورد الموحد هو سلسلة من الأحرف المستخدمة لتحديد مورد معين. فهو يتيح تفاعل تمثيل المورد عبر الشبكة باستخدام بروتوكولات محددة.

عنوان URL لـ URI وURN: ما الفرق؟

السؤال الذي يجب أن يتبادر إلى ذهنك هو أنه إذا قام URI بتحديد مورد ما، فماذا يفعل عنوان URL؟ غالبًا ما يستخدم الأشخاص المصطلحات بالتبادل ولكنها غير صحيحة. وفق تيم بيرنرز لي 'A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource.' 'A URI can be further classified as a locator a name or both. The term 'Uniform Resource Locator' (URL) refers to the subset of URI that identify resources via a representation of their primary access mechanism (e.g. their network 'location') rather than identifying the resource by name or by some other attribute(s) of that resource. The term 'Uniform Resource Name' (URN) refers to the subset of URI that are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable.' For example

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/java/java//url-class-java-examples/ 

Represents a URL as it tells the exact location where url class article can be found over the network.

url-class-java-examples 

Represents a URN as it does not tell anything about the location but only gives a unique name to the resource. The difference between an object of URI class and an URL class lies in the fact that a URI string is parsed only with consideration of syntax and no lookups of host is performed on creation. Comparison of two URI objects is done solely on the characters contained in the string. But on the other hand a URL string is parsed with a certain scheme and comparisons of two URL objects is performed by looking of actual resource on the net. بناء جملة URI :

scheme:[//[user:password@]host[:port]][/]path[?query][#fragment] 

مخطط : The scheme component lays out the protocols to be associated with the URI. In some schemes the '//' are required while others dont need them.

  abc:  //admin:[email protected]:1234/path/data ?key=value&key2=value2#fragid1 

سلطة : Authority component is made of several components- authentication section a host and optional port number preceded by a ':'. Authentication section includes username and password. Host can be any ip-address.

abc://  admin:[email protected]:1234  /path/data ?key=value&key2=value2#fragid1 

طريق : The path represents a string containing the address within the server to the resource.

abc://admin:[email protected]:1234/  path/data   ?key=value&key2=value2#fragid1 

استفسار : Query represent a nonhierarchical data usually the query used for searching of a particular resource. They are separated by a '?' from the preceding part.

abc://admin:[email protected]:1234/path/data   ?key=value&key2=value2  #fragid1 

جزء : Fragments are used to identify secondary resources as headings or subheadings within a page etc.

abc://admin:[email protected]:1234/path/data ?key=value&key2=value2  #fragid1   

البنائين :

URI (سلسلة سلسلة) : Constructs a URI object by parsing the specified string. The grammar used while parsing is the one specified in RFC 2396 Appendix A.

  Syntax :  public URI(String str) throws URISyntaxException   Parameters :   str : String to be parsed into URI   Throws :   URISyntaxException : If the string violates RFC 2396 

URI (مخطط السلسلة، جزء السلسلة، ssp) : Constructs a URI from the given components. A component may be left undefined by passing null. Initially the result string is empty. If scheme is not null it is appended. Similarly the ssp and fragment part is appended if provided.

  Syntax :  public URI(String scheme String ssp String fragment) throws URISyntaxException   Parameters :    scheme : scheme name ssp : scheme-specific part fragment : fragment part   Throws :   URISyntaxException : If the URI string constructed from the given components violates RFC 2396 

وبالمثل يتم توفير منشئات أخرى بناءً على المكونات المعروفة في وقت الإنشاء. URI (مخطط السلسلة، معلومات المستخدم، سلسلة المضيف، منفذ int، مسار السلسلة، جزء سلسلة الاستعلام)

  Syntax :  public URI(String scheme String userInfo String host int port String path String query String fragment)   Parameters :   scheme : string representing scheme userInfo : userinfo of URI host : host component of URI port : listening port number path : path of URI query : String representing the query part fragment :optional fragment  

URI (مخطط السلسلة، مضيف السلسلة، جزء السلسلة، المسار)

  Syntax :  public URI(String scheme String host String path String fragment)   Parameters :   scheme : string representing scheme host : host component of URI path : path of URI fragment :optional fragment  

URI (مخطط السلسلة، سلطة السلسلة، مسار السلسلة، جزء سلسلة استعلام السلسلة)

  Syntax :  public URI(String scheme String authority String path String query String fragment)   Parameters :   scheme : string representing scheme authority : authority path : path of URI query : String representing the query part  

طُرق :

يخلق() : creates a new URI object. This method can be called a pseudo constructor. It is provided for use in the situations when it is known for sure that given string will parse as the URI object and it would be considered as a programmers error if it does not parse.

  Syntax :   public static URI create(String str)   Parameters :   str : String to be parsed as URI 

parseServerAuthority() : This method is used to parse the URI's authority components if provided into user information host and port components. This method returns a URI object whose authority field has been parsed as a server based authority.

  Syntax :   public URI parseServerAuthority() 

تطبيع () : Normalizes this URI's path. URI is constructed by normalizing the URI's path which is consistent with RFC 2396. Returns a normalized URI object.

  Syntax :   public URI normalize() 

العزم () : Resolves the given URI with this URI. Returns a new hierarchical URI in a manner consistent with RFC 2396.

  Syntax :   public URI resolve(URI uri)   Parameters :   uri : URI to be resolved  

Another overloaded method which takes string as argument and is equivalent to calling resolve(URI.create(str)).

  Syntax :   public URI resolve(String str)   Parameters :   str : String to be parsed as URI 

نسبي () : Relativizes the given URI against this URI.

  Syntax :   public URI relativize(URI uri) 

حدود : uri : URI للنسبية إلىURL() : Constructs a URL from this URI.

  Syntax :   public URL toURL() throws MalformedURLException   Throws :   MalformedURLException : If error occurs while constructing URL 

الحصول على المخطط () : Returns the scheme component of the URI

  Syntax :   public String getScheme() 

getRawSchemeSpecificPart() : Returns the raw scheme specific component of the URI.

  Syntax :   public String getRawSchemeSpecificPart() 

الحصول علىSchemeSpecificPart() : Returns the decoded scheme specific component of the URI

  Syntax :   public String getSchemeSpecificPart() 

الحصول على RawAuthority () : Returns the authority component of the URI. If the authority is server based then further user information host and port components are returned.

  Syntax :   public String getRawAuthority() 

الحصول على السلطة () : Returns exact similar result as of the above method except in the decoded form.

  Syntax :   public String getAuthority() 

الحصول على معلومات المستخدم () : Returns the user info component of the URI or null if it is undefined.

  Syntax :   public String getRawUserInfo() 

الحصول على معلومات المستخدم () : Returns the user info component of the URI in decoded form or null if it is undefined.

  Syntax :   public String getUserInfo() 

تنفيذ جافا: Java

   // Java program to illustrate various   // URI class methods   import     java.net.*  ;   class   uridemo1   {      public     static     void     main  (  String  []     args  )     throws     Exception         {      String     uribase     =     'https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/'  ;      String     urirelative     =     'languages/../java'  ;      String     str     =     'https://www.google.co.in/?gws_rd=ssl#'  +  ''      +     'q=networking+in+java+geeksforgeeks'  +  ''      +  '&spf=1496918039682'  ;          // Constructor to create a new URI      // by parsing the string      URI     uriBase     =     new     URI  (  uribase  );      // create() method      URI     uri     =     URI  .  create  (  str  );          // toString() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Base URI = '     +     uriBase  .  toString  ());      URI     uriRelative     =     new     URI  (  urirelative  );      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Relative URI = '     +     uriRelative  .  toString  ());      // resolve() method      URI     uriResolved     =     uriBase  .  resolve  (  uriRelative  );      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Resolved URI = '     +     uriResolved  .  toString  ());      // relativized() method      URI     uriRelativized     =     uriBase  .  relativize  (  uriResolved  );      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Relativized URI = '     +     uriRelativized  .  toString  ());      // normalize() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  uri  .  normalize  ().  toString  ());      // getScheme() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Scheme = '     +     uri  .  getScheme  ());      // getRawShemeSpecific() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Raw Scheme = '     +     uri  .  getRawSchemeSpecificPart  ());      // getSchemeSpecificPart() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Scheme-specific part = '     +     uri  .  getSchemeSpecificPart  ());      // getRawUserInfo() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Raw User Info = '     +     uri  .  getRawUserInfo  ());          // getUserInfo() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'User Info = '     +     uri  .  getUserInfo  ());      // getAuthority() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Authority = '     +     uri  .  getAuthority  ());      // getRawAuthority() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Raw Authority = '     +     uri  .  getRawAuthority  ());      }   }   

الإخراج :

Base URI = https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ Relative URI = languages/../java Resolved URI = https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/java/java/ Relativized URI = java https://www.google.co.in/?gws_rd=ssl#q=networking+in+ java+geeksforgeeks&spf=1496918039682 Scheme = https Raw Scheme = //www.google.co.in/?gws_rd=ssl Scheme-specific part = //www.google.co.in/?gws_rd=ssl Raw User Info = null User Info = null Authority = www.google.co.in Raw Authority = www.google.co.in  

الحصول على المضيف () : Returns the host component of the URI. As the host component of a URI cannot contain escaped octets hence this method does not perform any decoding.

  Syntax :   public String getHost() 

الحصول على المنفذ () : Returns the port number of this URI.

  Syntax :   public int getPort() 

جيتراوباث (): Returns the raw path of this URI or null if not defined.

  Syntax :   public String getRawPath() 

الحصول على المسار () : Returns the decoded path component of this URI.

  Syntax :   public String getPath() 

الحصول علىRawQuery() : Returns the query component of the URI or null if undefined.

  Syntax :   public String getRawQuery() 

الحصول على الاستعلام () : Returns the query component of the URI in decoded form or null if undefined.

  Syntax :   public String getQuery() 

الحصول على قطعة راو () : Returns the fragment component of the URI or null if undefined.

  Syntax :   public String getRawFragment() 

الحصول على جزء () : Returns the decoded fragment component of this URI or null if undefined.

  Syntax :   public String getFragment() 

قارن إلى () : Compares this URI object with another URI object. Comparison by performed according to the natural ordering with String.compareTo() methods. If one component is undefined and other is defined than first is considered smaller than second. Components to be parsed are compared in their raw form rather than their encoded form.

  Syntax :   public int compareTo(URI uri)   Parameters :   uri : URI to be compared with 

يساوي () : Tests the given object with this URI. Ig the object is not a URI it returns false. For two URIs to be considered equal requires that either both are opaque or both are hierarchical. When checking for equality of different components their raw form is considered rather than the encoded form.

  Syntax :   public boolean equals(Object ob)   Parameters :   ob : object to be compared for equality 

مطلق () : Returns true if this URI is absolute otherwise false. A URI is absolute if and only if it has a scheme component.

  Syntax :   public boolean isAbsolute() 

غير شفاف () : Returns true if this URI is opaque otherwise false. A URI is opaque if and only if it is absolute and its scheme-specific part does not begin with a slash character ('/')

  Syntax :   public boolean isOpaque() 

رمز التجزئة () : Returns the hashcode for the this URI object. All the components are taken into account while creating a hashcode for the URI object.

  Syntax :   public int hashCode() 

إلى السلسلة () : Returns the string representation of this URI object.

  Syntax :   public String toString() 

إلىASCIIString() : Returns the string representation in ASCII format.

  Syntax :   public String toASCIIString() 

تنفيذ جافا : Java

   //Java Program to illustrate various   //URI class methods   import     java.net.*  ;   class   uridemo1      {      public     static     void     main  (  String  []     args  )     throws     Exception         {      String     str     =     'https://www.google.co.in/?gws_rd=ssl#'  +  ''      +     'q=networking+in+java+geeksforgeeks'  +  ''      +  '&spf=1496918039682'  ;      // Constructor to create a new URI      // by parsing the given string.      URI     uri     =     new     URI  (  str  );      // getHost() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Host = '     +     uri  .  getHost  ());      // getPort() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Port = '     +     uri  .  getPath  ());      // getRawPath() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Raw Path = '     +     uri  .  getRawPath  ());      // getPath() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Path = '     +     uri  .  getPath  ());      // getQuery() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Query = '     +     uri  .  getQuery  ());      // getRawQuery() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Raw Query = '     +     uri  .  getRawQuery  ());      // getFragment() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Fragment = '     +     uri  .  getFragment  ());      // getRawFragment() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Raw Fragment = '     +     uri  .  getRawFragment  ());      URI     uri2     =     new     URI  (  str     +     'fr'  );      // compareTo() mrthod      System  .  out  .  println  (  'CompareTo ='     +     uri  .  compareTo  (  uri2  ));      // equals() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Equals = '     +     uri  .  equals  (  uri2  ));      // hashcode() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'Hashcode : '     +     uri  .  hashCode  ());      // toString() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'toString : '     +     uri  .  toString  ());      // toASCIIString() method      System  .  out  .  println  (  'toASCIIString : '     +     uri  .  toASCIIString  ());      }   }   

الإخراج :

Host = www.google.co.in Port = / Raw Path = / Path = / Query = gws_rd=ssl Raw Query = gws_rd=ssl Fragment = q=networking+in+java+geeksforgeeks&spf=1496918039682 Raw Fragment = q=networking+in+java+geeksforgeeks&spf=1496918039682 CompareTo =-2 Equals = false Hashcode : 480379574 toString : https://www.google.co.in/?gws_rd=ssl#q=networking+ in+java+geeksforgeeks&spf=1496918039682 toASCIIString : https://www.google.co.in/?gws_rd=ssl#q= networking+in+java+geeksforgeeks&spf=1496918039682  

مراجع: وثائق جافا الرسمية اكتب تعليقاتك إذا وجدت أي شيء غير صحيح أو كنت ترغب في مشاركة المزيد من المعلومات حول الموضوع الذي تمت مناقشته أعلاه. إنشاء اختبار